Dataset Information

Prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus in south and southeast Asian women with history of gestational diabetes mellitus: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The burden of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is very high in south Asia (SA) and southeast Asia (SEA). Thus, there is a need to understand the prevalence and risk factors for developing prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) postpartum, in this high-risk population.

Aim

To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM among the women with history of GDM in SA and SEA.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was performed in the following databases: Medline, EMBASE, Web of Knowledge and CINHAL till December 2021. Studies that had reported greater than six weeks of postpartum follow-up were included. The pooled prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes were estimated by random effects meta-analysis model and I2 statistic was used to assess heterogeneity.

Results

Meta-analysis of 13 studies revealed that the prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM in post-GDM women were 25.9% (95%CI 18.94 to 33.51) and 29.9% (95%CI 17.02 to 44.57) respectively. Women with history of GDM from SA and SEA seem to have higher risk of developing T2DM than women without GDM (RR 13.2, 95%CI 9.52 to 18.29, p<0.001). The subgroup analysis showed a rise in the prevalence of T2DM with increasing duration of follow-up.

Conclusion

The conversion to T2DM and prediabetes is very high among women with history of GDM in SA and SEA. This highlights the need for follow-up of GDM women for early identification of dysglycemia and to plan interventions to prevent/delay the progression to T2DM.

SUBMITTER: Shivashri C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9744276 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus in south and southeast Asian women with history of gestational diabetes mellitus: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Shivashri Chockalingam C Hannah Wesley W Deepa Mohan M Ghebremichael-Weldeselassie Yonas Y Anjana Ranjit Mohan RM Uma Ram R Mohan Viswanathan V Saravanan Ponnusamy P

PloS one 20221212 12

<h4>Background</h4>The burden of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is very high in south Asia (SA) and southeast Asia (SEA). Thus, there is a need to understand the prevalence and risk factors for developing prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) postpartum, in this high-risk population.<h4>Aim</h4>To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM among the women with history of GDM in SA and SEA.<h4>Methods</h4>A comprehensive literat ...[more]

PMID: 36508451

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Project description:ObjectiveTo assess patterns and predictors of postpartum diabetes screening in a commercially insured, geographically and sociodemographically diverse sample of women with gestational diabetes mellitus.MethodsUsing commercial insurance claims (2000-2012) from all 50 states, we conducted a retrospective cohort study in 447,556 women with at least one delivery and continuous enrollment 1 year before and after delivery. We identified women with a gestational diabetes mellitus pregnancy and examined postpartum diabetes screening type and timing and performed logistic regression to identify screening predictors.ResultsGestational diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in 32,253 (7.2%) women during the study timeframe. Three fourths received no screening within 1 year postpartum. Rates of recommended 75-g oral glucose tolerance testing within 6-12 weeks were low but increased over time (27 [2%] in 2001 compared with 249 [7%] in 2011, adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0-47). Among women screened, those in the Northeast (19%) and South (18%) were least likely to receive a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test within 0-12 weeks (adjusted OR 0.4 for each, CI 0.4-0.5) compared with the West (36%). Asian women were most likely to receive any screening (18%; adjusted OR 1.5, CI 1.3-1.6) compared with white women (12%). Black women were most likely to receive hemoglobin A1c (21%; adjusted OR 2.0, CI 1.3-3.2) compared with white women (11%). Antepartum antiglycemic medication (21%; adjusted OR 2.1, CI 2.0-2.3) or visit to a nutritionist-diabetes educator (19%; adjusted OR 1.6, CI 1.4-1.7) or endocrinologist (23%; adjusted OR 1.7, CI 1.6-1.9) predicted screening within 12 weeks postpartum.ConclusionPostpartum diabetes screening remains widely underused among commercially insured women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Differences in screening by geography, race, and antepartum care can inform health system and public health interventions to increase diabetes detection in this high-risk population.

Project description:BackgroundWomen with South Asian ethnicity have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared with white women of European descent, especially after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Central obesity and adipose tissue dysfunction have been linked to their higher risk of T2DM, but the mechanisms are not known. We hypothesize that low-grade, persistent immune cell activation is involved in metabolic disturbances following GDM with different influence according to ethnicity.MethodsWe measured plasma levels of T cell exhaustion marker soluble T cell immunoglobin mucin domain 3 (sTIM-3), sCD25, sCD27 and soluble lymphocyte activation gene (sLAG)-3 in 266 women of South Asian (n = 160) and white Nordic (n = 106) ethnic background with a history of GDM.ResultsBaseline plasma concentration of sTIM-3 was higher in South Asian women compared to Nordic women (p < 0.001). This difference was driven by higher sTIM-3 in South Asian women with NGT, compared to their Nordic counterparts (p = 0.005) but there were no significant differences comparing Nordic and South Asian women with altered glucose tolerance (AGT). Soluble TIM-3 correlated positively with waist-height ratio (WHtR) and body mass index across all groups, but whereas sTIM-3 correlated moderately and consistently with markers of metaflammation in South Asians, this pattern was not found in Nordic women. Mediation analysis indicated that 15 % of the difference found in adipose insulin resistance between ethnicities could be mediated by sTIM-3, and that 33 % of the difference in sTIM-3 concentrations could be mediated by WHtR. Moreover, T cell markers sCD27 and sLAG3 were also increased in South Asian women compared with Nordic women, further supporting involvement of T cell activation in these women.ConclusionWe found increased levels of sTIM-3, as well as additional markers of T cell activation/exhaustion, in a population of normoglycemic South Asian women with previous gestational diabetes as compared to women of Nordic descent. The possible causal relationship between T cell activation and metabolic dysfunction in high-risk South Asian women is however still elusive and merits further investigation.

Project description:BackgroundGestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) exposes women to future risk of Type 2 Diabetes. Previous studies focused on diet and physical activity, less emphasis was given to tackle intertwined risk factors such as sleep and stress. Knowledge remains scarce in multi-ethnic Asian communities. This study explored the: (1) feasibility of a holistic digital intervention on improving diet, physical activity (PA), sleep and stress of Asian women with a history of GDM, and (2) preliminary efficacy of the holistic intervention on women's physical and mental well-being via a pilot randomized controlled trial.MethodsFemale volunteers with a history of GDM but without pre-existing diabetes were recruited from multi-ethnic Singaporean community. Each eligible woman was given a self-monitoring opportunity using Oura Ring that provided daily feedback on step counts, PA, sleep and bedtime heart rate. Intervention group additionally received personalized recommendations aimed to reinforce healthy behaviors holistically (diet, PA, sleep and stress). Dietary intake was evaluated by a research dietitian, while step counts, PA, sleep and bedtime heart rate were evaluated by health coaches based on Oura Ring data. Perceived physical and mental health and well-being were self-reported. Clinical outcomes included glycemic status determined by HbA1c and OGTT tests, body mass index, blood pressures and lipid profile.ResultsOf 196 women from the community, 72 women completed diabetes screening, 61 women were eligible and 56 women completed the study. The 56 completers had mean age of 35.8 ± 3.7 years, predominantly Chinese, majority had their first GDM diagnosed at least 2 years ago and had two GDM-affected pregnancies. After intervention period, more women in the Intervention group achieved at least 8,000 steps/day and had at least 6 hours of sleep per night. Noticeable reduction of added sugar in their food and beverages were observed after the dietary intervention. Changes in body weight and mental well-being were observed but group differences were not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe holistic approach appeared feasible for personalizing lifestyle recommendations to promote physical and mental well-being among women with a history of GDM. Larger studies with sufficient assessment timepoints and follow-up duration are warranted to improve the evaluation of intervention effects on clinical outcomes.Clinical trial registration numberhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT05512871, NCT05512871.

Dataset Information

Prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus in south and southeast Asian women with history of gestational diabetes mellitus: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background

Aim

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus in south and southeast Asian women with history of gestational diabetes mellitus: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

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