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When combining injunctive and descriptive norms strengthens the hypocrisy effect: A test in the field of discrimination.

ABSTRACT: The induced-hypocrisy is a paradigm in which people promote a normative behavior (normative salience step) and then recall their past transgressions (transgression salience step). It is an effective two-step procedure for encouraging prosocial behaviors. This study aims to explore whether discrimination can be reduced using the hypocrisy paradigm combining two kinds of social norms, namely injunctive and descriptive norms. We assigned 80 participants to descriptive norm-related hypocrisy, injunctive norm-related hypocrisy, combined-norm hypocrisy, and control conditions. Results showed that intention to adopt active normative behaviors was higher in the combined-norms than in the single norm hypocrisy conditions. We observed the same pattern in reducing discriminatory behaviors in the Cyberball game, which measures passive discrimination (exclusion). Our findings have both practical and theoretical implications. First, they provide a new and effective means for producing behavioral changes in the field of discrimination. Second, they contribute to further investigating the explanatory processes underlying the hypocrisy effect.

SUBMITTER: Mauduy M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9746236 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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When combining injunctive and descriptive norms strengthens the hypocrisy effect: A test in the field of discrimination.

Mauduy Maxime M Priolo Daniel D Margas Nicolas N Sénémeaud Cécile C

Frontiers in psychology 20221129

The induced-hypocrisy is a paradigm in which people promote a normative behavior (normative salience step) and then recall their past transgressions (transgression salience step). It is an effective two-step procedure for encouraging prosocial behaviors. This study aims to explore whether discrimination can be reduced using the hypocrisy paradigm combining two kinds of social norms, namely injunctive and descriptive norms. We assigned 80 participants to descriptive norm-related hypocrisy, injunc ...[more]

PMID: 36524165

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Project description:RationaleIndividuals who choose to obtain genetic information may learn that their genetic profile confers health risks to themselves or offspring. Individuals may react more negatively to this information when personal attitudes, perceived norms, and/or the decision to receive results conflict with one another.ObjectiveWe predicted that holding more negative attitudes (personal evaluations) or injunctive norms (perceptions of others' approval) toward obtaining genetic test results would prospectively predict greater conflict about the decision to undergo sequencing and less disclosure of sequencing results to family members. We also expected attitudes and norms to interact, such that attitudes would be negatively associated with decisional conflict and positively associated with disclosure when injunctive norms were positive, but weakly associated with outcomes when injunctive norms were negative.MethodParticipants (N=312) were enrolled in a genomic sequencing trial focused on identifying carrier genetic variants, reflecting a variant that might affect their biological children's or grandchildren's health. Participants reported attitudes and injunctive norms, underwent sequencing, and later received results indicating carrier status for at least one variant. Decisional conflict was assessed at immediate post-test, and 1- and 6-month follow-ups. Disclosure of results to children and siblings were assessed at 1 and 6 months.ResultsIn structural equation models with covariates, attitudes were negatively associated with post-test and 1-month decisional conflict. Injunctive norms were negatively associated with decisional conflict at 1 and 6 months and positively associated with disclosure to children and siblings at 1 month. The significant attitudes by injunctive norms interaction predicting post-test decisional conflict supported lower decisional conflict when attitudes, norms, and the decision to receive results were all aligned. Exploratory analyses supported indirect effects of attitudes and norms on 6-month sibling disclosure via 1- month decisional conflict.ConclusionResults support roles of psychosocial factors in decisional conflict and disclosure after receiving sequencing results.

Project description:BackgroundDescriptive norms messaging interventions are used to motivate people to adopt or maintain desirable behaviors. Such interventions provide people with information that describes an undesirable behavior as uncommon or a desirable behavior as prevalent within a relevant social group. Descriptive norms messaging interventions have shown promise in increasing individual and social benefit for a broad range of health and sustainability programs. However, evidence suggests that people who have adopted desirable behaviors sometimes regress to undesirable behaviors after receiving descriptive norms messages due to the type of information provided in the messages. This phenomenon is called the boomerang effect. We aim to conduct a systematic review of boomerang effects on health and environmental sustainability behaviors resulting from exposure to descriptive norms messaging interventions.MethodsWe will employ our search strategy to identify studies of descriptive norms messaging interventions published prior to December 31, 2020. We will search the Cochrane Library, Campbell Library, PsycINFO, PubMed, Social Science Research Network (SSRN), and Web of Science to retrieve peer-reviewed articles published in English. We will restrict inclusion to studies (e.g., randomized and non-randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, and observational studies) of health and environmental sustainability interventions that assess behaviors before and after exposure to descriptive norms messaging. Two reviewers will independently extract data about study populations and design, intervention components, and behavioral measures. We will use the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment tool (RoB2) and Risk Of Bias in Non-randomized Studies-of Intervention (ROBINS-I) to assess the risk of bias, and the Liverpool Quality Assessment Tool (LQAT) to assess the quality of evidence. We will conduct thematic analyses to codify interventions, and examine intervention effects across subgroups of individuals based on their behavior prior to intervention exposure (e.g., those practicing desirable behaviors vs. undesirable behaviors). We will also conduct moderator analyses to determine whether boomerang effects are contingent upon other factors including intervention framing and delivery modality.DiscussionThis systematic review will provide information about descriptive norms messaging intervention effects across subgroups of individuals and elucidate factors that potentially moderate boomerang effects. The review will yield evidence-based recommendations for the structure and content of descriptive norms messages that can be employed to avoid unintended boomerang effects within the context of health and sustainability programming.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42020156989.

Dataset Information

When combining injunctive and descriptive norms strengthens the hypocrisy effect: A test in the field of discrimination.

Publications

When combining injunctive and descriptive norms strengthens the hypocrisy effect: A test in the field of discrimination.

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