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Longitudinal co-trajectories of depression and alcohol problems in adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

ABSTRACT: We examined person-centered heterogeneity in the longitudinal co-development of depression and alcohol problems during the COVID-19 outbreak. We also investigated the risk factors (personality and coping) for being in "higher" relative to "lower" risk subgroups of combined depressive symptoms and alcohol problems. Canadian participants (N = 364, M _age = 32.16, 54.67% male) completed questionnaires four times every three months, starting approximately 2 months after Canada announced its COVID-19 State-of-Emergency. Parallel-process latent class growth analysis found evidence for three latent subgroups: a "moderate increasing depression and alcohol problems" subgroup (Class 1); a "moderate stable depression, moderate decreasing alcohol problems" subgroup (Class 2); and a "low-risk normative" subgroup (with mild depression that was stable and mild alcohol problems that decreased; Class 3). Multinomial logistic regressions found that higher levels of hopelessness, impulsivity, and boredom proneness distinguished Class 1 from Class 3. Further, lower levels of general self-efficacy distinguished Class 1 from Classes 2 and 3. Linear mixed models found that Class 1 increasingly used maladaptive avoidant coping strategies (denial, drugs/alcohol, behavioural disengagement) as the pandemic progressed, whereas Class 2 increasingly used adaptive approach-oriented strategies (planning, seeking emotional support from others). We analyzed longitudinal data to detect classes of individuals with depressive and alcohol-related difficulties during COVID-19 and to characterize the vulnerability factors for increased difficulties. Highlighting the heterogeneity in the co-trajectory of depression and alcohol problems during COVID-19 and the personality and coping factors associated with combined increases in these mental health difficulties can inform treatment practices and bolster peoples' preparedness and resilience for future pandemics.

Supplementary information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-022-04109-4.

SUBMITTER: Bambrah V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9748906 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Longitudinal co-trajectories of depression and alcohol problems in adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Bambrah Veerpal V Wardell Jeffrey D JD Keough Matthew T MT

Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.) 20221214

We examined person-centered heterogeneity in the longitudinal co-development of depression and alcohol problems during the COVID-19 outbreak. We also investigated the risk factors (personality and coping) for being in "higher" relative to "lower" risk subgroups of combined depressive symptoms and alcohol problems. Canadian participants (N = 364, M age = 32.16, 54.67% male) completed questionnaires four times every three months, starting approximately 2 months after Canad ...[more]

PMID: 36531195

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Project description:IntroductionPublic health mitigation policies aimed at slowing the spread of COVID-19 led to an increase in mental health problems (MHPs). This study examines the association between multiple pre-pandemic health behaviors and MHPs prior to, and during, the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe analyzed a representative population sample of 11,256 adults (aged 20-65 years) from Understanding Society-The UK Household Longitudinal Study. Baseline data from participants interviewed in 2017/2019 (wave 9) were linked to web surveys conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify mutually exclusive health behavior (physical activity, alcohol consumption, eating habits and smoking tobacco) clusters by gender, and examined the sociodemographic correlates of each cluster. We assessed how pre-pandemic latent classes of health behaviors were associated with changes in MHPs during the pandemic using fixed effects regression models.ResultsThree health behavior clusters were identified: positive (33%), moderate (24%), and high risk (43%), where similar behaviors clustered within individuals and sociodemographic circumstances. In particular, gender, age, migrant status and ethnicity were found to have strong associations with each cluster. Our results also demonstrated a clear association in MHPs with health behaviors both prior to, and during the pandemic. There were significant increases in MHPs between 2017/2019 and January 2021, with fluctuations coinciding with changes in public health mitigation policies. Assessments across the three clusters showed about 25.2%, 16.9%, and 0.7% increases in MHPs in the positive, moderate and high risk health behavior clusters, respectively.DiscussionThis study shows that pre-pandemic health behaviors were significantly associated with mental health before and during the pandemic. Holistic policy interventions and promotions targeting multiple health behaviors may be an effective strategy to improve mental health in the pandemic recovery period.

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Project description:Background & aimsThe COVID-19 pandemic has led to the implementation of stay-at-home and lockdown measures. It is currently unknown if the experience of lockdown leads to long term changes in individual's eating behaviors. The objectives of this study were: i) to derive longitudinal trajectories of change in eating during UK lockdown, and ii) to identify risk factors associated with eating behavior trajectories.MethodData from 22,374 UK adults from the UCL COVID-19 Social study (a panel study collecting weekly data during the pandemic) were analyzed from 28th March to 29th May 2020. Latent Class Growth Analysis was used to derive trajectories of change in eating. These were then associated with prior socio-economic, health-related and psychological factors using multinomial regression models.ResultsAnalyses suggested five trajectories, with the majority (64%) showing no change in eating. In contrast, one trajectory was marked by persistently eating more, whereas another by persistently eating less. Overall, participants with greater depressive symptoms were more likely to report any change in eating. Loneliness was linked to persistently eating more (OR = 1.07), whereas being single or divorced, as well as stressful life events, were associated with consistently eating less (OR = 1.69). Overall, higher education status was linked to lower odds of changing eating behavior (OR = 0.54-0.77). Secondary exploratory analyses suggest that participants self-reported to have overweight were more commonly categorised into the group consistently eating more, whereas participants with underweigh persistently ate less.ConclusionIn this study, we found that one third of the sample report changes in quantities eaten throughout the first UK lockdown period. Findings highlight the importance of adjusting public health programs to support eating behaviors in future lockdowns both in this and potential future pandemics. This is particularly important as part of on-going preventive efforts to prevent nutrition-related chronic diseases.

Dataset Information

Longitudinal co-trajectories of depression and alcohol problems in adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Supplementary information

Publications

Longitudinal co-trajectories of depression and alcohol problems in adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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