Structural investigation of human cystine/glutamate antiporter system x_c ^- (Sx_c ^-) using homology modeling and molecular dynamics.

ABSTRACT: The cystine/glutamate antiporter system x_c ^- (Sx_c ^-) belongs to the SLC7 family of plasma membrane transporters. It exports intracellular glutamate along the latter's concentration gradient as a driving force for cellular uptake of cystine. Once imported, cystine is mainly used for the production of glutathione, a tripeptide thiol crucial in maintenance of redox homeostasis and protection of cells against oxidative stress. Overexpression of Sx_c ^- has been found in several cancer cells, where it is thought to counteract the increased oxidative stress. In addition, Sx_c ^- is important in the central nervous system, playing a complex role in regulating glutamatergic neurotransmission and glutamate toxicity.

SUBMITTER: Hang TD 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9751330 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature