Caffeine is negatively associated with depression in patients aged 20 and older.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Previous studies have observed the association between caffeine intake and depression, but few have considered the potential threshold effect of this issue. Therefore, the study aimed to examine the association between caffeine consumption and depression in patients aged 20 years or older using curve fitting analysis.

Methods

The population was 3,263 patients from the 2017 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) with reliable answers to questions of caffeine intake and depression. Participants' depression levels were assessed using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) depression scale and the caffeine consumption were investigated in a private room of NHANES. The confounding variables of this study included level of education

SUBMITTER: Bao J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9751366 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature