Dataset Information

Wintertime Air Quality across the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: Concentration, Composition, and Sources of Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter.

ABSTRACT: The Kathmandu Valley in Nepal experiences poor air quality, especially in the dry winter season. In this study, we investigated the concentration, chemical composition, and sources of fine and coarse particulate matter (PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and PM_10-2.5) at three sites within or near the Kathmandu Valley during the winter of 2018 as part of the second Nepal Ambient Monitoring and Source Testing Experiment (NAMaSTE 2). Daily PM_2.5 concentrations were very high throughout the study period, ranging 72-149 μg m^-3 at the urban Ratnapark site in Kathmandu, 88-161 μg m^-3 at the suburban Lalitpur site, and 40-74 μg m^-3 at rural Dhulikhel on the eastern rim of the Kathmandu Valley. Meanwhile, PM₁₀ ranged 194-309, 174-377, and 64-131 μg m^-3, respectively. At the Ratnapark site, crustal materials from resuspended soil contributed an average of 11% of PM_2.5 and 34% of PM₁₀. PM_2.5 was largely comprised of organic carbon (OC, 28-30% by mass) and elemental carbon (EC, 10-14% by mass). As determined by chemical mass balance source apportionment modeling, major PM_2.5 OC sources were garbage burning (15-21%), biomass burning (10-17%), and fossil fuel (14-26%). Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) contributions from aromatic volatile organic compounds (13-23% OC) were larger than those from isoprene (0.3-0.5%), monoterpenes (0.9-1.4%), and sesquiterpenes (3.6-4.4%). Nitro-monoaromatic compounds-of interest due to their light-absorbing properties and toxicity-indicate the presence of biomass burning-derived SOA. Knowledge of primary and secondary PM sources can facilitate air quality management in this region.

SUBMITTER: Islam MR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9761783 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Wintertime Air Quality across the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: Concentration, Composition, and Sources of Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter.

Islam Md Robiul MR Li Tianyi T Mahata Khadak K Khanal Nita N Werden Benjamin B Giordano Michael R MR Praveen Puppala Siva S Dhital Narayan Babu NB Gurung Anobha A Saikawa Eri E Panday Arnico K AK Yokelson Robert J RJ DeCarlo Peter F PF Stone Elizabeth A EA

ACS earth & space chemistry 20221206 12

The Kathmandu Valley in Nepal experiences poor air quality, especially in the dry winter season. In this study, we investigated the concentration, chemical composition, and sources of fine and coarse particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10, and PM10-2.5) at three sites within or near the Kathmandu Valley during the winter of 2018 as part of the second Nepal Ambient Monitoring and Source Testing Experiment (NAMaSTE 2). Daily PM2.5 concentrations were very high ...[more]

PMID: 36561192

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Project description:BackgroundBreast cancer burden is increasing in low-income countries (LICs). Increasing incidence and delayed presentation of breast cancer are mainly responsible for this burden. Many women do not participate in breast cancer screening despite its effectiveness. Moreover, studies are limited on the barriers associated with low utilization of breast cancer screening in LICs. This study identified breast cancer screening behavior and factors associated with breast cancer screening intention among women in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 women living in five municipalities of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Data were collected from July to September 2018, using a structured questionnaire. Interviews were conducted among women selected through proportionate random household sampling. This study was conceptualized using the theory of planned behavior, fatalism, perceived susceptibility, and perceived severity. The outcome variables included: the intention to have mammography (MMG) biennially, the intention to have clinical breast examination (CBE) annually, and the intention to perform breast self-examination (BSE) monthly. Analysis was conducted separately for each outcome variable using partial proportional odds model.ResultsOut of 500 women, 3.4% had undergone MMG biennially, 7.2% CBE annually, and 14.4% BSE monthly. Women with a positive attitude, high subjective norms, and high perceived behavioral control were more likely to have the intention to undergo all three screening methods. Similarly, women were more likely to have intention to undergo CBE and MMG when they perceived themselves susceptible to breast cancer. Conversely, women were less likely to have intention to undergo CBE when they had high fatalistic beliefs towards breast cancer.ConclusionWomen in this study had poor screening behavior. The practice of breast self-examination was comparatively higher than clinical breast examination and mammography. Multidimensional culturally sensitive interventions are needed to enhance screening intentions. Efforts should be directed to improve attitude, family support, and fatalistic belief towards cancer. Furthermore, the proper availability of screening methods should be ensured while encouraging women to screen before the appearance of symptoms.

Dataset Information

Wintertime Air Quality across the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: Concentration, Composition, and Sources of Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter.

Publications

Wintertime Air Quality across the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: Concentration, Composition, and Sources of Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter.

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