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Elevated dietary carbohydrate and glycemic intake associate with an altered oral microbial ecosystem in two large U.S. cohorts.

ABSTRACT: The human oral microbiome is associated with chronic diseases including cancer. However, our understanding of its relationship with diet is limited. We assessed the associations between carbohydrate and glycemic index (GI) with oral microbiome composition in 834 non-diabetic subjects from the NCI-PLCO and ACS-CPSII cohorts. The oral microbiome was characterized using 16Sv3-4 rRNA-sequencing from oral mouthwash samples. Daily carbohydrate and GI were assessed from food frequency questionnaires. We used linear regression, permutational MANOVA, and negative binomial Generalized Linear Models (GLM) to test associations of diet with α- and β-diversity and taxon abundance (adjusting for age, sex, cohort, BMI, smoking, caloric intake, and alcohol). A q-value (FDR-adjusted P-value) of <0.05 was considered significant. Oral bacterial α-diversity trended higher in participants in the highest quintiles of carbohydrate intake, with marginally increased richness and Shannon diversity (p-trend=0.06 and 0.07). Greater carbohydrate intake was associated with greater abundance of class Fusobacteriia (q=0.02) and genus Leptotrichia (q=0.01) and with lesser abundance of an Actinomyces OTU (q=4.7E-04). Higher GI was significantly related to greater abundance of genus Gemella (q=0.001). This large, nationwide study provides evidence that diets high in carbohydrates and GI may influence the oral microbiome.

SUBMITTER: Monson KR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9770587 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Elevated dietary carbohydrate and glycemic intake associate with an altered oral microbial ecosystem in two large U.S. cohorts.

Monson Kelsey R KR Peters Brandilyn A BA Usyk Mykhaylo M Um Caroline Y CY Oberstein Paul E PE McCullough Marjorie L ML Purdue Mark P MP Freedman Neal D ND Hayes Richard B RB Ahn Jiyoung J

Cancer research communications 20221205 12

The human oral microbiome is associated with chronic diseases including cancer. However, our understanding of its relationship with diet is limited. We assessed the associations between carbohydrate and glycemic index (GI) with oral microbiome composition in 834 non-diabetic subjects from the NCI-PLCO and ACS-CPSII cohorts. The oral microbiome was characterized using 16Sv3-4 rRNA-sequencing from oral mouthwash samples. Daily carbohydrate and GI were assessed from food frequency questionnaires. W ...[more]

PMID: 36567732

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Project description:Study questionTo what extent is dietary folate intake and total folate intake (dietary and supplemental intakes) associated with fecundability, the per cycle probability of conception?Summary answerPreconception dietary folate intake was positively associated with fecundability in a monotonic pattern.What is known alreadySupplemental folic acid has been associated with improved fertility, but little is known about the relation between dietary folate and fecundability.Study design, size, durationA prospective cohort study including 9559 women trying to conceive without fertility treatment and enrolled in the period 2013-2020.Participants/materials, setting, methodsWe used data from two internet-based prospective cohort studies of pregnancy planners from Denmark, where folic acid fortification is not performed (SnartForældre.dk (SF); n = 3755) and North America, where the food supply is fortified with folic acid (Pregnancy Study Online (PRESTO); n = 5804). Women contributed menstrual cycles at risk until they reported conception or experienced a censoring event. We used proportional probabilities regression models to compute fecundability ratios (FRs) and 95% CI, adjusting for potential confounders.Main results and the role of chanceCompared with a dietary folate intake ≥400 µg/day, the adjusted FRs for women in SF were 0.92 (95% CI: 0.85-0.99) for intake 250-399 µg/day, and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.68-0.94) for intake of <250 µg/day. The corresponding FRs in PRESTO were 0.95 (95% CI: 0.89-1.01) and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.65-1.00). Compared with the highest level of total folate intake (diet folate ≥400 µg/day plus folic acid supplementation), in both cohorts fecundability was lowest among women with the lowest dietary intake <250 µg/day dietary folate and no supplementation (FR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.59-0.98 [SF] and 0.49, 95% CI: 0.31-0.77 [PRESTO]). Further, total intake dietary folate <250 µg/day plus supplementation was associated with reduced fecundability for SF participants (FR; 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65-0.98) and for PRESTO participants (FR; 0.92, 95% CI: 0.72-1.16).Limitations, reasons for cautionIt is unknown whether dietary folate and folic acid intake affect fecundability on its own or if there is an interaction with other micronutrients provided in healthy diet. Thus, the observed associations may not reflect dietary folate intake alone, but overall healthy diet.Wider implications of the findingsRecommendations for preconception dietary folate intake and folic acid supplementation are of importance not only to prevent neural tube defects but also to enhance fecundability.Study funding/competing interest(s)The study was supported by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01-HD086742). The authors report no competing interests.Trial registration numberN/A.

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Elevated dietary carbohydrate and glycemic intake associate with an altered oral microbial ecosystem in two large U.S. cohorts.

Publications

Elevated dietary carbohydrate and glycemic intake associate with an altered oral microbial ecosystem in two large U.S. cohorts.

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