Dataset Information

A Pilot Establishment of the Job-Exposure Matrix of Lead Using the Standard Process Code of Nationwide Exposure Databases in Korea.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The purpose of this study is to construct a job-exposure matrix for lead that accounts for industry and work processes within industries using a nationwide exposure database.

Methods

We used the work environment measurement data (WEMD) of lead monitored nationwide from 2015 to 2016. Industrial hygienists standardized the work process codes in the database to 37 standard process and extracted key index words for each process. A total of 37 standardized process codes were allocated to each measurement based on an automated key word search based on the degree of agreement between the measurement information and the standard process index. Summary statistics, including the arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and 95th percentile level (X95), was calculated according to industry, process, and industry process. Using statistical parameters of contrast and precision, we compared the similarity of exposure groups by industry, process, and industry process.

Results

The exposure intensity of lead was estimated for 583 exposure groups combined with 128 industry and 35 process. The X95 value of the "casting" process of the "manufacture of basic precious and non-ferrous metals" industry was 53.29 μg/m³, exceeding the occupational exposure limit of 50 μg/m³. Regardless of the limitation of the minimum number of samples in the exposure group, higher contrast was observed when the exposure groups were by industry process than by industry or process.

Conclusion

We evaluated the exposure intensities of lead by combination of industry and process. The results will be helpful in determining more accurate information regarding exposure in lead-related epidemiological studies.

SUBMITTER: Park JH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9772472 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

A Pilot Establishment of the Job-Exposure Matrix of Lead Using the Standard Process Code of Nationwide Exposure Databases in Korea.

Park Ju-Hyun JH Choi Sangjun S Koh Dong-Hee DH Lim Dae Sung DS Park Donguk D Kim Hwan-Cheol HC Lee Sang-Gil SG Lee Jihye J Lim Ji Seon JS Sung Yeji Y Yoon Ko Kyoung K

Safety and health at work 20220909 4

<h4>Background</h4>The purpose of this study is to construct a job-exposure matrix for lead that accounts for industry and work processes within industries using a nationwide exposure database.<h4>Methods</h4>We used the work environment measurement data (WEMD) of lead monitored nationwide from 2015 to 2016. Industrial hygienists standardized the work process codes in the database to 37 standard process and extracted key index words for each process. A total of 37 standardized process codes were ...[more]

PMID: 36579012

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Project description:AimsWe conducted a cohort study utilizing a nationwide health insurance database to assess the European Medicines Agency's restrictions on using metoclopramide and its association with the risk of parkinsonism.MethodsNew oral metoclopramide users aged ≥20 years, and age- and gender-matched non-users were recruited between 2001 and 2011. Users were divided into high-exposure (dose >30 mg day-1 and/or duration >5 days) and standard-exposure (dose ≤30 mg day-1 and duration ≤5 days) groups. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) estimated the risk of parkinsonism.ResultsDuring a 1-year period, 122 of 218 931 (0.06%) users of metoclopramide vs. 56 of 218 931 (0.03%) non-users developed parkinsonism (P < 0.001). Among the 122 cases of parkinsonism in users, 64 (0.04%) were from 168 566 standard-exposure users and 58 (0.12%) from 50 365 high-exposure users. Compared with non-users, the risk of parkinsonism was higher in users (aHR 2.16; 95% CI 1.54, 3.02), including standard-exposure (aHR 1.73; 95% CI 1.11, 2.70), and high-exposure (aHR 3.15; 95% CI 1.78, 5.57) users. High-exposure users had a higher risk of parkinsonism than standard-exposure users (aHR 1.83; 95% CI 1.28, 2.63). Within the high-exposure group, 45 233 of 50 365 (89.81%) users and 55 of 58 (94.83%) parkinsonism were from long-duration exposure; 5 132 of 50 365 (10.19%) users and 3 of 58 (5.17%) parkinsonism were from high-dose exposure and long-duration + high-dose exposure.ConclusionsThe risk of parkinsonism in metoclopramide users, although extremely low (0.06%), is 2.16-fold greater than in non-users. High-exposure users have a 1.83-fold higher risk than standard-exposure users. As users in high-exposure group had a higher risk of parkinsonism than in standard-exposure group, and the majority of users and parkinsonism in high-exposure group were from long-duration exposure; thus, physician are advised to avoid prescribing metoclopramide for >5 days, even if the daily dose is ≤30 mg.

Project description:ObjectivesThe use of a job-exposure matrix (JEM) to assess exposure to potential health hazards in occupational epidemiological studies requires coding each participant's job history to a standard occupation and/or industry classification system recognized by the JEM. The objectives of this study were to assess the impact of inter-coder variability in job coding on reliability in exposure estimates derived from linking the job codes to the Canadian job-exposure matrix (CANJEM) and to identify influent parameters.MethodTwo trained coders independently coded 1000 jobs sampled from a population-based case-control study to the ISCO-1968 occupation classification at the five-digit resolution level, of which 859 could be linked to CANJEM using both assigned codes. Each of the two sets of codes was separately linked to CANJEM and thereby generated, for each of the 258 occupational agents available in CANJEM, two exposure estimates: exposure status (yes/no) and intensity of exposure (low, medium, and high) for exposed jobs only. Then, inter-rater reliability (IRR) was computed (i) after stratifying agents in 4 classes depending, for each, on the proportion of occupation codes in CANJEM defined as 'exposed' and (ii) for two additional scenarios restricted to jobs coded differently: the first one using experts' codes, the other one using codes randomly selected. IRR was computed using Cohen's kappa, PABAK and Gwet's AC1 index for exposure status, and weighted kappa and Gwet's AC2 for exposure intensity.ResultsAcross all agents and based on all jobs, median (Q1, Q3; Nagents) values were 0.68 (0.59, 0.75; 220) for kappa, 0.99 (0.95, 1.00; 258) for PABAK, and 0.99 (0.97, 1.00; 258) for AC1. For the additional scenarios, median kappa was 0.28 (0.00, 0.45; 209) and -0.01 (-0.02, 00; 233) restricted to jobs coded differently using experts' and random codes, respectively. A similar decreasing pattern was observed for PABAK and AC1 albeit with higher absolute values. Median kappa remained stable across exposure prevalence classes but was more variable for low prevalent agents. PABAK and AC1 decreased with increasing prevalence. Considering exposure intensity and all exposed jobs, median values were 0.79 (0.68, 0.91; 96) for weighted kappa, and 0.95 (0.89, 0.99; 102) for AC2. For the additional scenarios, median kappa was, respectively, 0.28 (-0.04, 0.42) and -0.05 (-0.18, 0.09) restricted to jobs coded differently using experts' and random codes, with a similar though attenuated pattern for AC2.ConclusionDespite reassuring overall reliability results, our study clearly demonstrated the loss of information associated with jobs coded differently. Especially, in cases of low exposure prevalence, efforts should be made to reliably code potentially exposed jobs.

Dataset Information

A Pilot Establishment of the Job-Exposure Matrix of Lead Using the Standard Process Code of Nationwide Exposure Databases in Korea.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

A Pilot Establishment of the Job-Exposure Matrix of Lead Using the Standard Process Code of Nationwide Exposure Databases in Korea.

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