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Measuring the Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines Used during a Surge of the Delta Variant of SARS-CoV-2 in Bangladesh: A Test-Negative Design Evaluation.


ABSTRACT:

Background

From May to December 2021, Bangladesh experienced a major surge in the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2. The earlier rollout of several vaccines offered the opportunity to evaluate vaccine effectiveness against this variant.

Methods

A prospective, test-negative case-control study was conducted in five large hospitals in Dhaka between September and December 2021. The subjects were patients of at least 18 years of age who presented themselves for care, suffering COVID-like symptoms of less than 10 days' duration. The cases had PCR-confirmed infections with SARS-CoV-2, and up to 4 PCR test-negative controls were matched to each case, according to hospital, date of presentation, and age. Vaccine protection was assessed as being the association between the receipt of a complete course of vaccine and the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 disease, with symptoms beginning at least 14 days after the final vaccine dose.

Results

In total, 313 cases were matched to 1196 controls. The genotyping of case isolates revealed 99.6% to be the Delta variant. Receipt of any vaccine was associated with 12% (95% CI: -21 to 37, p = 0.423) protection against all episodes of SARS-CoV-2. Among the three vaccines for which protection was evaluable (Moderna (mRNA-1273); Sinopharm (Vero Cell-Inactivated); Serum Institute of India (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19)), only the Moderna vaccine was associated with significant protection (64%; 95% CI: 10 to 86, p = 0.029). Protection by the receipt of any vaccine against severe disease was 85% (95% CI: 27 to 97, p = 0.019), with protection estimates of 75% to 100% for the three vaccines.

Conclusions

Vaccine protection against COVID-19 disease of any severity caused by the Delta variant was modest in magnitude and significant for only one of the three evaluable vaccines. In contrast, protection against severe disease was high in magnitude and consistent for all three vaccines. Because our findings are not in complete accord with evaluations of the same vaccines in more affluent settings, our study underscores the need for country-level COVID-19 vaccine evaluations in developing countries.

SUBMITTER: Khanam F 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9780914 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Measuring the Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines Used during a Surge of the Delta Variant of SARS-CoV-2 in Bangladesh: A Test-Negative Design Evaluation.

Khanam Farhana F   Islam Md Taufiqul MT   Ahmmed Faisal F   Ahmed Shams Uddin SU   Hossen Md Ismail MI   Rajib MdNazmul Hasan MH   Haque Shahinur S   Biswas Prasanta Kumar PK   Tauheed Imam I   Zaman K K   Alam Ahmed Nawsher AN   Billah Mallick Masum MM   Monalisa   Ashrafi Shah Ali Akbar SAA   Rahman Mohammed Ziaur MZ   Bin Manjur Omar Hamza OH   Afrad Mokibul Hassan MH   Shamsuzzaman S M SM   Saleh Ahmed Abu AA   Sumon Mostafa Aziz MA   Rashed Asif A   Bhuiyan Md Taufiqur Rahman MTR   Chowdhury Fahima F   Khan Ashraful Islam AI   Flora Meerjady Sabrina MS   Shirin Tahmina T   Clemens John D JD   Qadri Firdausi F  

Vaccines 20221202 12


<h4>Background</h4>From May to December 2021, Bangladesh experienced a major surge in the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2. The earlier rollout of several vaccines offered the opportunity to evaluate vaccine effectiveness against this variant.<h4>Methods</h4>A prospective, test-negative case-control study was conducted in five large hospitals in Dhaka between September and December 2021. The subjects were patients of at least 18 years of age who presented themselves for care, suffering COVID-like sym  ...[more]

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