Dataset Information

The Role of Incarceration as a Risk Factor for Cognitive Impairment.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

The objective of this study was to understand disparities in cognitive impairment between middle-aged formerly incarcerated (FI) and nonincarcerated individuals.

Methods

The 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth is a nationally representative longitudinal data set containing information on incarceration, cognitive functioning, and other health conditions. Using a modified version of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS-m), adapted from the Health and Retirement Study, we analyzed the association between incarceration and cognitive impairment, cognitive impairment-not dementia and dementia. Multivariable regression models were estimated, including prior incarceration status and covariates associated with incarceration and cognitive functioning.

Results

FI individuals had lower unadjusted scores on TICS-m (-2.5, p < .001) and had significantly greater unadjusted odds ratios (OR) for scoring in the cognitive impairment (OR = 2.4, p < .001) and dementia (OR = 2.7, p < .001) range. Differences were largely explained by a combination of risk factors associated with incarceration and cognition. Education and premorbid cognition (measured by Armed Forces Qualification Test) separately and completely explained differences in the odds of dementia. Regardless of incarceration status, Blacks and Hispanics had significantly greater odds of cognitive impairment and dementia relative to Whites, holding other factors constant.

Discussion

The association between prior incarceration and cognitive impairment in middle age was largely explained by differences in educational attainment and premorbid cognitive functioning, supporting the cognitive reserve hypothesis. Greater prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia among the FI could create challenges and should be considered in reentry planning. Structural and institutional factors should be considered when addressing health disparities in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias.

SUBMITTER: Cox RJA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9799218 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

The Role of Incarceration as a Risk Factor for Cognitive Impairment.

Cox Robynn J A RJA Wallace Robert B RB

The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences 20221201 12

<h4>Objectives</h4>The objective of this study was to understand disparities in cognitive impairment between middle-aged formerly incarcerated (FI) and nonincarcerated individuals.<h4>Methods</h4>The 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth is a nationally representative longitudinal data set containing information on incarceration, cognitive functioning, and other health conditions. Using a modified version of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS-m), adapted from the Health and ...[more]

PMID: 36153747

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Dataset Information

The Role of Incarceration as a Risk Factor for Cognitive Impairment.

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Publications

The Role of Incarceration as a Risk Factor for Cognitive Impairment.

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