Next-generation immunotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: navigating pathways of immune resistance.

ABSTRACT: To date, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has proven largely ineffective in patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. A combination of low tumor antigenicity, deficits in immune activation along with an exclusive and suppressive tumor microenvironment result in resistance to host defensives. However, a deepening understanding of these immune escape and suppressive mechanisms has led to the discovery of novel molecular targets and treatment strategies that may hold the key to a long-awaited therapeutic breakthrough. In this review, we describe the tumor-intrinsic and microenvironmental barriers to modern immunotherapy, examine novel immune-based and targeted modalities, summarize relevant pre-clinical findings and human experience, and, finally, discuss novel synergist

SUBMITTER: Heumann T 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9804001 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature