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Virulence comparison of 4 porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) genotypes: 2a, 2b, 2d, and 2e with a single infection and co-infection with PCV-2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV).

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to compare the virulence of 4 porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) genotypes (2a, 2b, 2d, and 2e) in pigs singly infected with 1 of these 4 PCV-2 genotypes and pigs dually infected with a combination of 1 of the 4 PCV-2 genotypes and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Virulence was determined based on levels of PCV-2 loads in the blood and lymph nodes and the severity of lymphoid lesion. Within the singly infected groups, PCV-2a, PCV-2b, and PCV-2d resulted in a similar virulence to each other and all were more virulent than the PCV-2e groups. Within the dually infected groups, the combination of PCV-2d and PRRSV was more virulent than the other 3 PCV-2 genotypes (2a, 2b, and 2e), each in combination with PRRSV. Both PCV-2a+PRRSV and PCV-2b+PRRSV were more virulent than PCV-2e+PRRSV in dually infected pigs. This increased virulence of PCV-2d compared to the other 3 PCV-2 genotypes (2a, 2b, and 2e) may be attributed to an extra amino acid (lysine residue) found within open reading frame 2 (ORF2) of PCV-2d. In contrast, extra amino acids in ORF2 may decrease the virulence of PCV-2e when compared to the other 3 PCV-2 genotypes (2a, 2b, and 2d). The results of this study demonstrated that PCV-2d was the most virulent PCV-2 genotype in pigs co-infected with PRRSV. The results also suggest that genetic differences in the ORF2 of PCV-2 may affect the virulence of PCV-2 genotypes.

SUBMITTER: Suh J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9808848 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Virulence comparison of 4 porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) genotypes: 2a, 2b, 2d, and 2e with a single infection and co-infection with PCV-2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV).

Suh Jeongmin J Oh Taehwan T Chae Chanhee C

Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire 20230101 1

The objective of this study was to compare the virulence of 4 porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) genotypes (2a, 2b, 2d, and 2e) in pigs singly infected with 1 of these 4 PCV-2 genotypes and pigs dually infected with a combination of 1 of the 4 PCV-2 genotypes and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Virulence was determined based on levels of PCV-2 loads in the blood and lymph nodes and the severity of lymphoid lesion. Within the singly infected groups, PCV-2a, PCV-2b, and ...[more]

PMID: 36606036

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Project description:IntroductionPorcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) is a key pathogen for the swine industry at a global level. Nine genotypes, differing in epidemiology and potentially virulence, emerged over time, with PCV-2a, -2b, and -2d being the most widespread and clinically relevant. Conversely, the distribution of minor genotypes appears geographically and temporally restricted, suggesting lower virulence and different epidemiological drivers. In 2022, PCV-2e, the most genetically and phenotypically divergent genotype, was identified in multiple rural farms in North-eastern Italy. Since rural pigs often have access to outdoor environment, the introduction from wild boars was investigated.MethodsThrough a molecular and spatial approach, this study investigated the epidemiology and genetic diversity of PCV-2 in 122 wild boars across different provinces of North-eastern Italy.ResultsMolecular analysis revealed a high PCV-2 frequency (81.1%, 99/122), and classified the majority of strains as PCV-2d (96.3%, 78/81), with sporadic occurrences of PCV-2a (1.2%, 1/81) and PCV-2b (2.5%, 2/81) genotypes. A viral flow directed primarily from domestic pigs to wild boars was estimated by phylogenetic and phylodynamic analyses.DiscussionThese findings attested that the genotype replacement so far described only in the Italian domestic swine sector occurred also in wild boars. and suggested that the current heterogeneity of PCV-2d strains in Italian wild boars likely depends more on different introduction events from the domestic population rather than the presence of independent evolutionary pressures. While this might suggest PCV-2 circulation in wild boars having a marginal impact in the industrial sector, the sharing of PCV-2d strains across distinct wild populations, in absence of a consistent geographical pattern, suggests a complex interplay between domestic and wild pig populations, emphasizing the importance of improved biosecurity measures to mitigate the risk of pathogen transmission.

Dataset Information

Virulence comparison of 4 porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) genotypes: 2a, 2b, 2d, and 2e with a single infection and co-infection with PCV-2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV).

Publications

Virulence comparison of 4 porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) genotypes: 2a, 2b, 2d, and 2e with a single infection and co-infection with PCV-2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV).

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