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Application of Extracellular Vesicles in Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review.

ABSTRACT: The pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis (AR), one of the most common diseases in the world, is still not sufficiently understood. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are secreted by host and bacteria cells and take part in near and distant intracellular communication, can provide information about AR. Recently, attention has been drawn to the potential use of EVs as biomarkers, vaccines, or transporters for drug delivery. In this review, we present an up-to-date literature overview on EVs in AR to reveal their potential clinical significance in this condition. A comprehensive and systematic literature search was conducted following PRISMA statement guidelines for original, completed articles, available in English concerning EVs and AR. For this purpose, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane, were searched up until 10 Novenmber 2022. From 275 records, 18 articles were included for analysis. The risk of bias was assessed for all studies as low or moderate risk of overall bias using the Office and Health Assessment and Translation Risk of Bias Rating Tool for Human and Animal Studies. We presented the role of exosomes in the pathophysiology of AR and highlighted the possibility of using exosomes as biomarkers and treatment in this disease.

SUBMITTER: Czerwaty K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9820222 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Application of Extracellular Vesicles in Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review.

Czerwaty Katarzyna K Dżaman Karolina K Miechowski Wiktor W

International journal of molecular sciences 20221226 1

The pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis (AR), one of the most common diseases in the world, is still not sufficiently understood. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are secreted by host and bacteria cells and take part in near and distant intracellular communication, can provide information about AR. Recently, attention has been drawn to the potential use of EVs as biomarkers, vaccines, or transporters for drug delivery. In this review, we present an up-to-date literature overview on EVs in AR ...[more]

PMID: 36613810

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Project description:BackgroundNasal microbiota is crucial for the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (AR), which has been reported to be different from that of healthy individuals. However, no study has investigated the microbiota in nasal extracellular vesicles (EVs). We aimed to compare the microbiome composition and diversity in EVs between AR patients and healthy controls (HCs) and reveal the potential metabolic mechanisms in AR.MethodsEosinophil counts and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were measured in patients with AR (n = 20) and HCs (n = 19). Nasal EVs were identified using transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry. 16S rRNA sequencing was used to profile the microbial communities. Alpha and beta diversities were analyzed to determine microbial diversity. Taxonomic abundance was analyzed based on the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe). Microbial metabolic pathways were characterized using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUst2) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses.ResultsEosinophils, total serum IgE, and IgE specific to Dermatophagoides were increased in patients with AR. Alpha diversity in nasal EVs from patients with AR was lower than that in HCs. Beta diversity showed microbiome differences between the AR and HCs groups. The microbial abundance was distinct between AR and HCs at different taxonomic levels. Significantly higher levels of the genera Acetobacter, Mycoplasma, Escherichia, and Halomonas were observed in AR patients than in HCs. Conversely, Zoogloea, Streptococcus, Burkholderia, and Pseudomonas were more abundant in the HCs group than in the AR group. Moreover, 35 microbial metabolic pathways recognized in AR patients and HCs, and 25 pathways were more abundant in the AR group.ConclusionPatients with AR had distinct microbiota characteristics in nasal EVs compared to that in HCs. The metabolic mechanisms of the microbiota that regulate AR development were also different. These findings show that nasal fluid may reflect the specific pattern of microbiome EVs in patients with AR.

Project description:Herbal medicine is popularly used among patients who suffer from allergic rhinitis. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of single medicinal plants in the management of allergic rhinitis. We searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and Web of Science for randomised controlled trials which evaluated the use of single medicinal plant for allergic rhinitis among adults and children. Twenty-nine randomised controlled trials (n = 1879) were eligible while 27 (n = 1769) contributed data for meta-analyses. Most studies (studies = 20) compared medicinal plants against placebo and Petasites hybridus was most frequently investigated (studies = 5). Very-low-to-low-certainty evidence suggests that compared to placebo, single medicinal plants may improve overall total nasal symptoms (SMD -0.31, 95% CI -0.59 to -0.02; participants = 249; studies = 5; I2 = 21%) especially nasal congestion and sneezing; and rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life (RQLQ) scores (MD -0.46, 95% CI -0.84 to -0.07; participants = 148; studies = 3; I2 = 0%). Moderate-certainty evidence show no clear differences between single medicinal plants and antihistamine in overall symptoms (Total nasal symptoms: SMD -0.14, 95% CI -0.46 to 0.18; participants = 149; studies = 2; I2 = 0%). As adjunctive therapy, moderate-certainty evidence shows that medicinal plants improved SNOT-22 scores when given as intranasal treatment (MD -7.47, 95% CI -10.75 to -4.18; participants = 124; studies = 2; I2 = 21%). Risk of bias domains were low or not clearly reported in most studies while heterogeneity was substantial in most pooled outcomes. Route of administration and age were identified to be plausible source of heterogeneity for certain outcomes. Medicinal plants appear to be well tolerated up to 8 weeks of use. Clear beneficial evidence of medicinal plants for allergic rhinitis is still lacking. There is a need for improved reporting of herbal trials to allow for critical assessment of the effects of each individual medicinal plant preparation in well-designed future clinical studies.

Project description:Background and Objectives: Vitamin D supplementation is effective for allergic rhinitis; however, its usefulness is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the conditions in which vitamin D supplementation was effective in allergic rhinitis management. Materials and Methods: Randomized controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation used for patients with allergic rhinitis were searched for across different databases. We extracted scores on patients' symptoms and the medication types used as the baseline treatments and performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on allergic rhinitis symptoms. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed for the average age, proportion of female participants, concomitant medications, vitamin D administration durations, and baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. Results: In total, 2389 articles were screened, and 5 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with placebos, vitamin D supplementation alleviated allergic rhinitis symptoms, although the difference was not significant; there was significant heterogeneity among studies (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -2.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -6.20 to 0.82, I2 = 98%, p < 0.01). The proportion of female participants in the RCTs (slope: 0.21, p = 0.026) and concomitant corticosteroid use (slope: -9.16, p = 0.005) influenced the vitamin D response. Compared with the placebos, vitamin D supplementation without corticosteroids alleviated the allergic rhinitis symptoms (SMD = -0.56, 95% CI: -0.90 to -0.23). Combination treatment with corticosteroids also non-significantly alleviated symptoms. Additionally, the heterogeneity between studies was significant (SMD = -5.97, 95% CI: -13.55 to 1.16, I2 = 99%, p < 0.01). Conclusions: The study results suggest that vitamin D supplementation alleviates allergic rhinitis symptoms, although the effects differ according to the patient's sex and concomitant medications.

Dataset Information

Application of Extracellular Vesicles in Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review.

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Application of Extracellular Vesicles in Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review.

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