Autophagy and Apoptosis: Current Challenges of Treatment and Drug Resistance in Multiple Myeloma.

ABSTRACT: Over the past two decades, the natural history of multiple myeloma (MM) has evolved dramatically, owing primarily to novel agents targeting MM in the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) pathways. However, the mechanisms of resistance acquisition remain a mystery and are poorly understood. Autophagy and apoptosis are tightly controlled processes and play a critical role in the cell growth, development, and survival of MM. Genetic instability and abnormalities are two hallmarks of MM. During MM progression, plasma malignant cells become genetically unstable and activate various signaling pathways, resulting in the overexpression of abnormal proteins that disrupt autophagy and apoptosis biological processes. Thus, achieving a better understanding of the autophagy and apoptosis processes and th

SUBMITTER: Al-Odat OS 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9820338 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature