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Ligand-stabilized heteronuclear diatomics of group 13 and 15.

ABSTRACT: A theoretical investigation of ligand-stabilized MX diatomics (M = group 13, X = group 15 element) with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands has been carried out to assess bonding and electronic structure. Binding of two ligands in the form L-MX-L is generally preferred over binding of a single ligand as L-MX or MX-L. Binding of carbene donor ligands is predicted to be thermodynamically favorable for all the systems, and is very favorable for the lighter group 15 systems (nitrogen and phosphorus). Detailed analysis of the bonding in these complexes has been carried out with energy decomposition analysis (EDA). In all cases, the carbene to boron and carbene to nitrogen bonding is described as an electron-sharing double bond with both σ and π bonding interactions. For the heavier elements, bonding to C (except for PC interactions) is best described as a donor-acceptor σ single bond.

SUBMITTER: Kaur A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9826221 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Ligand-stabilized heteronuclear diatomics of group 13 and 15.

Kaur Aishvaryadeep A Wilson David J D DJD

Journal of computational chemistry 20220906 29

A theoretical investigation of ligand-stabilized MX diatomics (M = group 13, X = group 15 element) with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands has been carried out to assess bonding and electronic structure. Binding of two ligands in the form L-MX-L is generally preferred over binding of a single ligand as L-MX or MX-L. Binding of carbene donor ligands is predicted to be thermodynamically favorable for all the systems, and is very favorable for the lighter group 15 systems (nitrogen and phosphorus ...[more]

PMID: 36066184

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Project description:Incomplete combustion yields a significant byproduct, known for its high toxicity to humans: gas phase carbon monoxide (CO). This study utilized several advanced theoretical methods to examine the factors contributing to the activation energy involved in CO capture by a frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) and to forecast the potential success of the CO capture reaction. The current theoretical findings indicate that among the four-membered-ring Group-13/N-FLP and B/Group-15-FLP molecules, only the B/N-based FLP-type molecule effectively captures CO, considering both thermodynamics and kinetics. According to the results obtained through energy decomposition analysis-natural orbitals for chemical valence (EDA-NOCV), it can be concluded that the donor-acceptor (singlet-singlet) model, rather than the electron-sharing (triplet-triplet) model, effectively characterizes the electronic structures in the CO trapping reaction involving four-membered-ring G13/G15-FLPs. Theoretical findings, derived from EDA-NOCV and frontier molecular orbital theory, demonstrate that the CO capture reaction by G13/G15-FLP involves two distinct bonding interactions. The first interaction is characterized by FLP-to-CO forward bonding, with the lone pair of G15 (G13/G15-FLP) donating to the empty p-π* orbital of carbon (CO), which predominates. The second interaction involves CO-to-FLP backward bonding, where the empty σ* orbital of G13 (G13/G15-FLP) accepts the lone pair of carbon (CO), albeit to a lesser extent. In summary, our theoretical findings indicate that the G13-C and G15-C bonds in the G15/G15-TS species with a four-membered ring can be classified as two dative single bonds. The importance of the interaction between Lewis bases and CO surpasses that of the interaction between Lewis acids and CO. Theoretical evidences in this study demonstrate a linear connection between the G13-G15 bond length within the four-membered-ring G13/G15-FLP and the activation barrier linked to CO capture. The activation strain model analysis in this study suggests that the activation energy required for bond formation primarily depends on the geometric deformation energy of G13/G15-FLP in capturing CO. Our DFT investigation shows that Hammond's postulate is obeyed by the CO catching reaction of the four-membered-ring G13/N-FLP, meaning that an earlier transition state is associated with a lower activation barrier, but not with the CO catching reaction of the four-membered-ring B/G15-FLP.

Dataset Information

Ligand-stabilized heteronuclear diatomics of group 13 and 15.

Publications

Ligand-stabilized heteronuclear diatomics of group 13 and 15.

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