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The Mitochondrial Genomes of Two Parasitoid Wasps Protapanteles immunis and Parapanteles hyposidrae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) with Phylogenetic Implications and Novel Gene Rearrangements.

ABSTRACT: Parapanteles hypsidrae (Wilkinson, 1928) and Protapanteles immunis (Haliday, 1834) are the most important parasitic wasps of Ectropis grisescens Warren and Ectropis obliqua (Prout). We sequenced and annotated the mitochondrial genomes of Pa. hyposidrae and Pr. immunis, which are 17,063 bp and 16,397 bp in length, respectively, and possess 37 mitochondrial genes. We discovered two novel types of gene rearrangement, the local inversion of nad4L in Pa. hyposidrae and the remote inversion of the block cox3-nad3-nad5-nad4 in Pr. immunis, within the mitogenomes of Braconidae. The phylogenetic analysis supported the subfamily Microgastrinae is a monophyletic group, but the tribes Apantelini and Cotesiini within this subfamily are paraphyletic groups.

SUBMITTER: Xiao D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9859417 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Mitochondrial Genomes of Two Parasitoid Wasps Protapanteles immunis and Parapanteles hyposidrae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) with Phylogenetic Implications and Novel Gene Rearrangements.

Xiao Dandan D Wang Ziqi Z Zhu Jiachen J Zhou Xiaogui X Tang Pu P Chen Xuexin X

Genes 20230116 1

Parapanteles hypsidrae (Wilkinson, 1928) and Protapanteles immunis (Haliday, 1834) are the most important parasitic wasps of Ectropis grisescens Warren and Ectropis obliqua (Prout). We sequenced and annotated the mitochondrial genomes of Pa. hyposidrae and Pr. immunis, which are 17,063 bp and 16,397 bp in length, respectively, and possess 37 mitochondrial genes. We discovered two novel types of gene rearrangement, the local inversion of nad4L in < ...[more]

PMID: 36672971

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Project description:BACKGROUND: Animal mitochondrial genomes are potential models for molecular evolution and markers for phylogenetic and population studies. Previous research has shown interesting features in hymenopteran mitochondrial genomes. Here, we conducted a comparative study of mitochondrial genomes of the family Braconidae, one of the largest families of Hymenoptera, and assessed the utility of mitochondrial genomic data for phylogenetic inference at three different hierarchical levels, i.e., Braconidae, Hymenoptera, and Holometabola. RESULTS: Seven mitochondrial genomes from seven subfamilies of Braconidae were sequenced. Three of the four sequenced A+T-rich regions are shown to be inverted. Furthermore, all species showed reversal of strand asymmetry, suggesting that inversion of the A+T-rich region might be a synapomorphy of the Braconidae. Gene rearrangement events occurred in all braconid species, but gene rearrangement rates were not taxonomically correlated. Most rearranged genes were tRNAs, except those of Cotesia vestalis, in which 13 protein-coding genes and 14 tRNA genes changed positions or/and directions through three kinds of gene rearrangement events. Remote inversion is posited to be the result of two independent recombination events. Evolutionary rates were lower in species of the cyclostome group than those of noncyclostomes. Phylogenetic analyses based on complete mitochondrial genomes and secondary structure of rrnS supported a sister-group relationship between Aphidiinae and cyclostomes. Many well accepted relationships within Hymenoptera, such as paraphyly of Symphyta and Evaniomorpha, a sister-group relationship between Orussoidea and Apocrita, and monophyly of Proctotrupomorpha, Ichneumonoidea and Aculeata were robustly confirmed. New hypotheses, such as a sister-group relationship between Evanioidea and Aculeata, were generated. Among holometabolous insects, Hymenoptera was shown to be the sister to all other orders. Mecoptera was recovered as the sister-group of Diptera. Neuropterida (Neuroptera + Megaloptera), and a sister-group relationship with (Diptera + Mecoptera) were supported across all analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Our comparative studies indicate that mitochondrial genomes are a useful phylogenetic tool at the ordinal level within Holometabola, at the superfamily within Hymenoptera and at the subfamily level within Braconidae. Variation at all of these hierarchical levels suggests that the utility of mitochondrial genomes is likely to be a valuable tool for systematics in other groups of arthropods.

Dataset Information

The Mitochondrial Genomes of Two Parasitoid Wasps Protapanteles immunis and Parapanteles hyposidrae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) with Phylogenetic Implications and Novel Gene Rearrangements.

Publications

The Mitochondrial Genomes of Two Parasitoid Wasps <i>Protapanteles immunis</i> and <i>Parapanteles hyposidrae</i> (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) with Phylogenetic Implications and Novel Gene Rearrangements.

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