Dataset Information

Six-month longitudinal immune kinetics after mRNA-1273 vaccination: Correlation of peak antibody response with long-term, cross-reactive immunity.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants and the persistence of the pandemic, even with mass coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, have raised questions about the durability of immunity and extent of cross-reactive immunity after vaccination. This study aimed to characterize the humoral and cellular immune response to the mRNA-1273 vaccine using a prospective longitudinal cohort.

Methods

We recruited 177 young SARS-CoV-2 infection-naive adults. Two doses of mRNA-1273 vaccine were administered at 28-day intervals, and blood samples were collected at five time points: pre-vaccination (T0), 4 weeks after the first (T1) and second dose (T2), and 3 months (T3) and 6 months (T4) after the first dose. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (anti-S) IgG antibody, neutralizing antibody, and T-cell immune responses were evaluated.

Results

The two-dose mRNA-1273 vaccination induced robust anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses, which remained higher than the titers at T1 until T4. A higher peak anti-S antibody titer at T2 was associated with better cross-reactive immunity against Delta and Omicron variants and long-lasting (anti-S IgG and neutralizing antibody) humoral immunity up to T4. The overall T-cell immune response was not correlated with peak antibody titers (T-lymphocyte subpopulation analysis was not performed).

Conclusion

This study showed that an early strong antibody response is predictive of longer humoral immunity and better cross-reactive neutralizing immunity against Delta and Omicron variants.

SUBMITTER: Choi MJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9868900 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Six-month longitudinal immune kinetics after mRNA-1273 vaccination: Correlation of peak antibody response with long-term, cross-reactive immunity.

Choi Min Joo MJ Heo Jung Yeon JY Seo Yu Bin YB Yoon Young Kyung YK Sohn Jang Wook JW Noh Ji Yun JY Cheong Hee Jin HJ Kim Woo Joo WJ Choi Ju-Yeon JY Kim Hwa Jung HJ Lee Young Jae YJ Lee Hye Won HW Kim Sung Soon SS Kim Byoungguk B Song Joon Young JY

Frontiers in immunology 20230109

<h4>Background</h4>The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants and the persistence of the pandemic, even with mass coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, have raised questions about the durability of immunity and extent of cross-reactive immunity after vaccination. This study aimed to characterize the humoral and cellular immune response to the mRNA-1273 vaccine using a prospective longitudinal cohort.<h4>Methods</h4>We recruited 177 young SAR ...[more]

PMID: 36700198

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Project description:PurposePatients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are at increased risk of severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Effective long-term protection against COVID-19 is therefore of great importance in these patients, but little is known about the decay of the immune response after primary vaccination. We studied the immune responses 6 months after two mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccines in 473 IEI patients and subsequently the response to a third mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in 50 patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID).MethodsIn a prospective multicenter study, 473 IEI patients (including X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) (N = 18), combined immunodeficiency (CID) (N = 22), CVID (N = 203), isolated or undefined antibody deficiencies (N = 204), and phagocyte defects (N = 16)), and 179 controls were included and followed up to 6 months after two doses of the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine. Additionally, samples were collected from 50 CVID patients who received a third vaccine 6 months after primary vaccination through the national vaccination program. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG titers, neutralizing antibodies, and T cell responses were assessed.ResultsAt 6 months after vaccination, the geometric mean antibody titers (GMT) declined in both IEI patients and healthy controls, when compared to GMT 28 days after vaccination. The trajectory of this decline did not differ between controls and most IEI cohorts; however, antibody titers in CID, CVID, and isolated antibody deficiency patients more often dropped to below the responder cut-off compared to controls. Specific T cell responses were still detectable in 77% of controls and 68% of IEI patients at 6 months post vaccination. A third mRNA vaccine resulted in an antibody response in only two out of 30 CVID patients that did not seroconvert after two mRNA vaccines.ConclusionA similar decline in IgG titers and T cell responses was observed in patients with IEI when compared to healthy controls 6 months after mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccination. The limited beneficial benefit of a third mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in previous non-responder CVID patients implicates that other protective strategies are needed for these vulnerable patients.

Dataset Information

Six-month longitudinal immune kinetics after mRNA-1273 vaccination: Correlation of peak antibody response with long-term, cross-reactive immunity.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Six-month longitudinal immune kinetics after mRNA-1273 vaccination: Correlation of peak antibody response with long-term, cross-reactive immunity.

Similar Datasets

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