Dataset Information

A 6G meta-device for 3D varifocal.

ABSTRACT: The sixth-generation (6G) communication technology is being developed in full swing and is expected to be faster and better than the fifth generation. The precise information transfer directivity and the concentration of signal strength are the key topics of 6G technology. We report the synthetic phase design of rotary doublet Airy beam and triplet Gaussian beam varifocal meta-devices to fully control the terahertz beam's propagation direction and coverage area. The focusing spot can be delivered to arbitrary positions in a two-dimensional plane or a three-dimensional space. The highly concentrated signal can be delivered to a specific position, and the transmission direction can be adjusted freely to enable secure, flexible, and high-directivity 6G communication systems. This technology avoids the high costs associated with extensive use of active components. 6G communication systems, wireless power transfer, zoom imaging, and remote sensing will benefit from large-scale adoption of such a technology.

SUBMITTER: Zhang JC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9883050 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A 6G meta-device for 3D varifocal.

Zhang Jing Cheng JC Wu Geng-Bo GB Chen Mu Ku MK Liu Xiaoyuan X Chan Ka Fai KF Tsai Din Ping DP Chan Chi Hou CH

Science advances 20230127 4

The sixth-generation (6G) communication technology is being developed in full swing and is expected to be faster and better than the fifth generation. The precise information transfer directivity and the concentration of signal strength are the key topics of 6G technology. We report the synthetic phase design of rotary doublet Airy beam and triplet Gaussian beam varifocal meta-devices to fully control the terahertz beam's propagation direction and coverage area. The focusing spot can be delivere ...[more]

PMID: 36706183

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Project description:BackgroundThe accurate assessment and acquisition of facial anatomical information significantly contributes to enhancing the reliability of treatments in dental and medical fields, and has applications in fields such as craniomaxillofacial surgery, orthodontics, prosthodontics, orthopedics, and forensic medicine. Mobile device-compatible 3D facial scanners have been reported to be an effective tool for clinical use, but the accuracy of digital facial impressions obtained with the scanners has not been explored.ObjectiveWe aimed to review comparisons of the accuracy of mobile device-compatible face scanners for facial digitization with that of systems for professional 3D facial scanning.MethodsIndividual search strategies were employed in PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library databases to search for articles published up to May 27, 2020. Peer-reviewed journal articles evaluating the accuracy of 3D facial models generated by mobile device-compatible face scanners were included. Cohen d effect size estimates and confidence intervals of standardized mean difference (SMD) data sets were used for meta-analysis.ResultsBy automatic database searching, 3942 articles were identified, of which 11 articles were considered eligible for narrative review, with 6 studies included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the accuracy of face models obtained using mobile device-compatible face scanners was significantly lower than that of face models obtained using professional 3D facial scanners (SMD 3.96 mm, 95% CI 2.81-5.10 mm; z=6.78; P<.001). The difference between face scanning when performed on inanimate facial models was significantly higher (SMD 10.53 mm, 95% CI 6.29-14.77 mm) than that when performed on living participants (SMD 2.58 mm, 95% CI 1.70-3.47 mm, P<.001, df=12.94).ConclusionsOverall, mobile device-compatible face scanners did not perform as well as professional scanning systems in 3D facial acquisition, but the deviations were within the clinically acceptable range of <1.5 mm. Significant differences between results when 3D facial scans were performed on inanimate facial objects and when performed on the faces of living participants were found; thus, caution should be exercised when interpreting results from studies conducted on inanimate objects.

Dataset Information

A 6G meta-device for 3D varifocal.

Publications

A 6G meta-device for 3D varifocal.

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