Individuals with long-term illness, disability or infirmity are more likely to smoke than healthy controls: An instrumental variable analysis.

ABSTRACT: Despite the prevalence of smoking cessation programs and public health campaigns, individuals with long-term illness, disability, or infirmity have been found to smoke more often than those without such conditions, leading to worsening health. However, the available literature has mainly focused on the association between long-term illness and smoking, which might suffer from the possible bidirectional influence, while few studies have examined the potential causal effect of long-term illness on smoking. This gap in knowledge can be addressed using an instrumental variable analysis that uses a third variable as an instrument between the endogenous independent and dependent variables and allows the identification of the direction of causality under the discussed assumptions. Our study analy

SUBMITTER: Zhou X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9885293 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature