Imidazolium Triflate Ionic Liquids’ Capacitance–Potential Relationships and Transport Properties Affected by Cation Chain Lengths
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PROVIDER: S-EPMC9885949 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Ionic Liquids are a broad group of salts with low melting points that can be specifically tuned for a broad range of applications. Despite being initially considered “green” solvents, their better environmental friendliness compared to traditional solvents has been increasingly challenged. In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular effects of ILs exposure by using RNA-sequencing to study differential gene expression patterns. Thus, we exposed Daphnia magna to 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim]Cl), 1-dodecyl chloride-3-methylimidazolium ([C12mim]Cl) and cholinium chloride ([Chol]Cl). Results suggest that the three ILs share several mechanisms of toxicity, including cellular membrane and cytoskeleton damage, oxidative stress, inhibition of antioxidant enzymes, mitochondrial affectation, changes in protein biosynthesis and energy production, DNA damage, and ultimately, programmed cell death and disease initiation. Overall, the dataset revealed that [C2mim]Cl and [C12mim]Cl were, respectively, the least and the most toxic ILs at the transcriptional level. Also, it is reinforced that [Chol]Cl is not devoid of environmental hazardous potential. Unique gene expression signatures could also be identified for each IL.
2021-08-13 | GSE156769 | GEO
Project description:Temperature-dependent transport properties in ionic liquids, such as the ionic conductivity and fluidity, are often characterized empirically through equations that require multiple adjustable fitting parameters in order to adequately describe the data. These fitting parameters offer no insight into the molecular-level mechanism of transport. Here the temperature dependence of these transport properties in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate ionic liquids is explained using the compensated Arrhenius formalism (CAF), where the conductivity or fluidity assumes an Arrhenius-like form that also contains a dipole density dependence in the exponential prefactor. The resulting CAF activation energies for conductivity and fluidity are much higher than those obtained from polar organic liquids and electrolytes. The CAF very accurately describes the temperature dependence of both conductivity and fluidity using only system properties (i.e., density and activation energy). These results imply that the transport mechanism in molten salts is very similar to that in polar organic liquids and electrolytes.
| S-EPMC3862598 | biostudies-other
Project description:Electrode-polymer interfaces dictate many of the properties of thin films such as capacitance, the electric field experienced by polymers, and charge transport. However, structure and dynamics of charged polymers near electrodes remain poorly understood, especially in the high concentration limit representative of the melts. To develop an understanding of electric field-induced transformations of electrode-polymer interfaces, we have studied electrified interfaces of an imidazolium-based polymerized ionic liquid (PolyIL) using combinations of broadband dielectric spectroscopy, specular neutron reflectivity, and simulations based on the Rayleigh's dissipation function formalism. Overall, we obtained the camel-shaped dependence of the capacitance on applied voltage, which originated from the responses of an adsorbed polymer layer to applied voltages. This work provides additional insights related to the effects of molecular weight in affecting structure and properties of electrode-polymer interfaces, which are essential for designing next-generation energy storage and harvesting devices.
| S-EPMC7319767 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Transcriptional toxicity of imidazolium- and cholinium-based ionic liquids
| PRJNA659001 | ENA
Project description:Imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) have interesting antimicrobial activity and their inclusion in a flexible film is ideal to take advantage of their properties in practical applications. Poly(ether-block-amide) (Pebax®Rnew) films were prepared by solution casting, loading two synthetized ILs (1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium dimethyl-5-sulfoisophthalate [Hdmim][DMSIP], IL1 and 1-octyloximethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [OOMmim][PF6], IL2) up to 5 wt.%. The ILs were characterized by 1H NMR and MALDI-TOF spectroscopy. The films were investigated for miscibility, morphology, wettability, spectral properties and gas transport. The films display a good thermal stability (>200 °C). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) proves phase separation in the blends, that is consistent with FTIR analysis and with the island-like surface morphology observed in the micrographs. Gas permeability tests revealed that the IL-loaded films are dense and poreless, keeping the selectivity of the polymer matrix with a somewhat lessened permeability owing to the impermeable ILs crystals. The film antimicrobial activity, evaluated against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains, was correlated to the structure of the incorporated ILs. The smaller IL2 salt did not modify the hydrophobic nature of the neat polymer and was readily released from the films. Instead, IL1, having a longer alkyl chain in the cation, provided a promising antimicrobial activity with a good combination of hydrophilicity, permeability and thermal stability.
| S-EPMC7361949 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Biological properties of ionic liquids (ILs) have been usually tested with the help of standard biodegradation or ecotoxicity tests. So far, several articles on the identification of intermediate metabolites of microbiological decay of ILs have been published. Simultaneously, the number of novel ILs with unrecognized characteristics regarding biodegradability and effect on organisms and environment is still increasing. In this work, seven imidazolium ionic liquids of different chemical structure were studied. Three of them are 1-alkyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bromides, while the other four are tetra- or completely substituted imidazolium iodides. This study focused on the identification of intermediate metabolites of the aforementioned ionic liquids subjected to biodegradation in a laboratory activated sludge system. Both fully substituted ionic liquids and 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bromide were barely biodegradable. In the case of two of them, no biotransformation products were detected. The elongation of the alkyl side chain made the IL more susceptible for microbiological decomposition. 1-Decyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bromide was biotransformed most easily. Its primary biodegradation up to 100 % could be achieved. Nevertheless, the cleavage of the imidazolium ring has not been observed.
| S-EPMC4637002 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Ionic liquids (ILs) are organic molten salts with low-temperature melting points that hold promise as next-generation environmentally friendly boundary lubricants. This work examines the relationship between tribological and rheological behavior of thin films of five imidazolium ILs using a surface force apparatus to elucidate lubrication mechanisms. When confined to films of a few nanometers, the rheological properties change drastically as a function of the number of confined ion layers; not only the viscosity increases by several orders of magnitude but ILs can also undergo a transition from Newtonian to viscoelastic fluid and to an elastic solid. This behavior can be justified by the confinement-induced formation of supramolecular clusters with long relaxation times. The quantized friction coefficient is explained from the perspective of the strain relaxation via diffusion of these supramolecular clusters, where higher friction correlates with longer relaxation times. A deviation from this behavior is observed only for 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate ([C2C1Im][EtSO4]), characterized by strong hydrogen bonding; this is hypothesized to restrict the reorganization of the confined IL into clusters and hinder (visco)elastic behavior, which is consistent with the smallest friction coefficient measured for this IL. We also investigate the contrasting influence of traces of water on the thin-film rheology and tribology of a hydrophobic IL, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, [C2C1Im][FAP], and a hydrophilic IL, [C2C1Im][EtSO4]. [C2C1Im][EtSO4] remains Newtonian under both dry and humid conditions and provides the best lubrication, while [C2C1Im][FAP], characterized by a prominent solid-like behavior under both conditions, is a poor lubricant. The results of this study may inspire molecular designs to enable efficient IL lubrication.
| S-EPMC10540134 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Understanding electron transport with electroactive microbes is key to engineering effective and scalable bio-electrochemical technologies. Much of this electron transfer occurs through small-molecule flavin mediators that perform one-electron transfers in abiotic systems but concerted two-electron transfer in biological systems, rendering abiotic systems less efficient. To boost efficiency, the principles guiding flavin electron transfer must be elucidated, necessitating a tunable system. Ionic liquids (ILs) offer such a platform due to their chemical diversity. In particular, imidazolium-containing ILs that resemble the amino acid histidine are bio-similar electrolytes that enable the study of flavin electron transfer. Using the model IL 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ([Emim][BF4]), we observe concerted two-electron transfer between flavin mononucleotide and an unmodified glassy carbon electrode surface, while a one-electron transfer occurs in standard inorganic electrolytes. This work demonstrates the power of ILs to enable the mechanistic study of biological electron transfer, providing critical guidelines for improving electrochemical technologies based on these biological properties.
| S-EPMC11348828 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The terahertz and infrared frequency vibration modes of room-temperature ionic liquids with imidazolium cations and halogen anions were extensively investigated. There is an intermolecular vibrational mode between the imidazolium ring of an imidazolium cation, a halogen atomic anion with a large absorption coefficient and a broad bandwidth in the low THz frequency region (13-130 cm-1), the intramolecular vibrational modes of the alkyl-chain part of an imidazolium cation with a relatively small absorption coefficient in the mid THz frequency region (130-500 cm-1), the intramolecular skeletal vibrational modes of an imidazolium ring affected by the interaction between the imidazolium ring, and a halogen anion with a relatively large absorption coefficient in a high THz frequency region (500-670 cm-1). Interesting spectroscopic features on the interaction between imidazolium cations and halogen anions was also obtained from spectroscopic studies at IR frequencies (550-3300 cm-1). As far as the frequency of the intermolecular vibrational mode is concerned, we found the significance of the reduced mass in determining the intermolecular vibration frequency.
| S-EPMC5512643 | biostudies-literature
Project description:New thiol-functionalized carboxylate ionic liquids (ILs), varying both for the cation and for the anion structures, have been prepared as new potential redox switching systems by reacting either 3-mercapto propionic acid (3-MPA) or N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) with commercially available methyl carbonate ILs. Different ratios of thiol/disulfide ILs were obtained depending both on the acid employed in the neutralization reaction and on the reaction conditions used. Surprisingly, the imidazolium ILs displayed limited thermal stability which resulted in the formation of an imidazole 2-thione and a new sulfide ionic liquid. Conversely, the formation of the imidazole 2-thione was not observed when phosphonium disulfide ILs were heated, thus confirming the involvement of the imidazolium ring in an unexpected side reaction. An insight into the mechanism of the decomposition has been provided by means of DFT calculations.
| S-EPMC6804084 | biostudies-literature