Dataset Information

Ionized hypercalcemia in 238 cats from a referral hospital population (2009-2019).

ABSTRACT:

Background

Ionized calcium concentration ([iCa]) is more sensitive for detecting calcium disturbances than serum total calcium concentration but literature on ionized hypercalcemia in cats is limited. Urolithiasis is a possible adverse consequence of hypercalcemia.

Hypothesis/objectives

To describe clinical details of diagnoses associated with ionized hypercalcemia in cats and association with urolithiasis.

Animals

Cats (238) seen between 2009 and 2019 at a referral hospital with [iCa] above the normal reference interval.

Methods

Observational cross-sectional study. Signalment, serum biochemical and imaging findings were reviewed for cats with ionized hypercalcemia considered to be clinically relevant (>1.41 mmol/L). Data were summarized by cause of hypercalcemia (i.e., diagnosis).

Results

Diagnoses for the 238 cats with [iCa] >1.41 mmol/L included: acute kidney injury (AKI; 13%), malignancy-associated (10.1%), idiopathic hypercalcemia (IHC; 10.1%), chronic kidney disease/renal diet-associated (8.4%), iatrogenic (5.5%), primary hyperparathyroidism (2.1%), vitamin D toxicity (2.1%) and granulomatous disease (1.7%). In 112 cases (47.1%), no cause for ionized hypercalcemia could be determined (n = 95), hypercalcemia was transient (n = 12), or the cat was juvenile (<1 year; n = 5). Urolithiasis was identified in 83.3% of AKI, 72.7% of iatrogenic, 61.1% of CKD/renal diet-associated and 50% of IHC cases that were imaged (<50% for other diagnoses). Diagnoses with a high proportion of concurrent total hypercalcemia included primary hyperparathyroidism (100%), vitamin D toxicity (100%), malignancy-associated (71.4%), granulomatous disease (66.7%) and IHC (65.2%).

Conclusions and clinical importance

Ionized hypercalcemia was most commonly associated with kidney diseases, neoplasia or IHC. The proportion of urolithiasis cases varied by diagnosis.

SUBMITTER: Broughton SE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9889682 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Ionized hypercalcemia in 238 cats from a referral hospital population (2009-2019).

Broughton Sophie E SE O'Neill Dan G DG Syme Harriet M HM Geddes Rebecca F RF

Journal of veterinary internal medicine 20230116 1

<h4>Background</h4>Ionized calcium concentration ([iCa]) is more sensitive for detecting calcium disturbances than serum total calcium concentration but literature on ionized hypercalcemia in cats is limited. Urolithiasis is a possible adverse consequence of hypercalcemia.<h4>Hypothesis/objectives</h4>To describe clinical details of diagnoses associated with ionized hypercalcemia in cats and association with urolithiasis.<h4>Animals</h4>Cats (238) seen between 2009 and 2019 at a referral hospita ...[more]

PMID: 36645022

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Dataset Information

Ionized hypercalcemia in 238 cats from a referral hospital population (2009-2019).

Background

Hypothesis/objectives

Animals

Methods

Results

Conclusions and clinical importance

Publications

Ionized hypercalcemia in 238 cats from a referral hospital population (2009-2019).

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