Dataset Information

A Protection Motivation Theory Approach to Understanding How Fear of Falling Affects Physical Activity Determinants in Older Adults.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

This study applied an extended Protection Motivation Theory to investigate the relative importance of fear of falling (FoF) among motivational and intentional determinants of physical activity (PA) behavior.

Methods

Older U.S. adults (N = 667, 65+) were surveyed using online research panels and completed measures of self-efficacy and response efficacy (coping appraisal), perceived vulnerability and perceived severity (threat appraisal), FoF, autonomous motivation, intention, physical health, and past PA level.

Results

Our structural equation model showed that past PA level and health predicted intention via cognitive constructs. PA and health predicted FoF and motivation via threat and coping appraisal. FoF did not directly predict intention.

Discussion

Results from this sample provide support for the predictive effects of threat appraisal on fear. However, findings suggest that FoF may not be of great importance for the formation of PA intention compared with an established habit of being physically active and a subsequently fostered coping appraisal and motivation.

SUBMITTER: Preissner CE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9890917 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

A Protection Motivation Theory Approach to Understanding How Fear of Falling Affects Physical Activity Determinants in Older Adults.

Preissner Christian Erik CE Kaushal Navin N Charles Kathleen K Knäuper Bärbel B

The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences 20230101 1

<h4>Objectives</h4>This study applied an extended Protection Motivation Theory to investigate the relative importance of fear of falling (FoF) among motivational and intentional determinants of physical activity (PA) behavior.<h4>Methods</h4>Older U.S. adults (N = 667, 65+) were surveyed using online research panels and completed measures of self-efficacy and response efficacy (coping appraisal), perceived vulnerability and perceived severity (threat appraisal), FoF, autonomous motivation, inten ...[more]

PMID: 35917189

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Project description:BackgroundProtection Motivation Theory could be another potential and good framework that addresses essential elements in a behavioural change leading to positive fall protective behaviours. The positive behavioural change could reduce the risk of falls and improve the quality of life of the older community. The study aims to evaluate the reliability and validity of the culturally adapted Protection Motivation Theory scale for older adults' fall protection motivation or protective behaviours to reduce fall risk.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted to establish a psychometric instrument validation. A total of 389 participants aged 55 years and above were included. The study was conducted in Sarawak, Malaysia, from November 2021 to January 2022 in two phases, translation of the PMT Scale, cross-cultural adaptation, face validation and pre-testing of the PMT Scale. The participants were selected using multistage random sampling in a primary healthcare clinic. Data entry and statistical analysis were performed using IBM SPSS version 26 for exploratory factor analysis and SmartPLS version 3.3.7 for confirmatory factor analysis using partial least square structural equation modelling.ResultsThe Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value was 0.760, Bartlett's sphericity test was significant and the total variance explained was 61%. It identified 31 items within eight dimensions of the Protection Motivation Theory scale. The Higher Order Constructs' measurement model indicates that the convergent and discriminant validity were established (Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability: ≥ 0.740; average variance extracted: 0.619 to 0.935 and Henseler's Heterotrait-Monotrait criterion for all constructs' discriminant validity: < 0.9). Test-retest for the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.745. The model's coefficient of determination demonstrated R2 = 0.375.ConclusionOverall, the Protection Motivation Theory Scale has established its reliability and validity for assisting older adults in the community. The Protection Motivation Theory Scale could be used in fall prevention interventions by promoting fall protective behaviours to reduce fall risk among community-dwelling older adults. The scale could assist healthcare providers in assessing the intention of older adults to use fall protective behaviours to reduce fall risk and serve as an alternative reference in developing fall prevention education in a fall prevention strategy.

Project description:Fear of falling (FoF) is a disabling condition due to different factors. The present study assessed potential FoF predictors, among sociodemographic, physical, and mental health domains, and explored their structural patterns. This cross-sectional study is part of the Physical Activity Promotion & Domestic Accidents Prevention (PAP & DAP) project, and was targeted to a sample of 229 independent older people (M 14.0%, F 86.0%) aged over 60 (mean 70.5 ± 5.96), both normal and overweight (median BMI 25.8 kg/m2, Interquartile Range 5.24). Standardized tools were used to assess the variables: the Short Falls Efficacy Scale International for the FoF; an information questionnaire for the socio-demographic variables, the presence of diseases, and previous falls; the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for the PA level; the Senior Fitness Test for physical fitness data; the Short Form 12 questionnaire for variables in the mental domain; and the Psychological Well-Being Scale 24 for the psychological well-being. Correlation/regression analyses were used to explore relationships between FoF and the considered variables. A Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) was conducted to show graphical patterns projected into space dimensions. A percentage of 59.0 of the sample showed moderate/high concern of falling. The multiple regression model showed the following variables being significant predictors (p < 0.05) of the FoF: BMI (coeff 0.44, SE 0.104), musculoskeletal disease (1.55, 0.681), upper body strength (0.33, 0.117), mobility and balance (0.76, 0.320), perceived physical health (- 0.21, 0.047), and self-acceptance (- 0.52, 0.190). MCA evidenced two dimensions: the first one explained 41.8% of the variance and was described mostly by FoF (square residuals 0.721), gender (0.670), leg strength (0.617), perceived mental health (0.591), musculoskeletal diseases (0.572), and PA level (0.556); the second dimension (12.3% of the variance), was characterized mainly by perceived physical health (0.350), life objectives (0.346), education (0.301), upper body strength (0.278), and living in family/alone (0.260). The pattern elicited by MCA was characterized by older subjects with moderate/high FoF having low education or no occupation, being overweight and inactive, suffering from different diseases, having low physical fitness, and declaring low perceived physical and mental health. These results suggest that interventions aimed at reducing FoF should be addressed to this specific profile of older people.

Project description:Fear of falling (FoF) was described as a dichotomy, whereby FoF on one hand posed a threat to the sense of security but on the other hand provided protection against harm through increased awareness and cautious behaviour. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of FoF for women with osteoporosis.IntroductionFear of falling is a major problem for many individuals in society and it increases with age; it is more common among women, especially women with a diagnosis of osteoporosis. It is important to gain a deeper understanding of the concept of fear of falling among women with osteoporosis to be able to devise fall prevention programmes to address fear of falling in the most appropriate way. Therefore, we aimed to explore and describe how older women with osteoporosis and self-reported balance deficits conceptualise their fear of falling METHODS: A qualitative study with individual interviews was carried out, using a semi-structured interview guide. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed with inductive qualitative content analysis. The study includes 25 informants, all women with osteoporosis aged 66-85 years.ResultsThe analysis resulted in one overarching theme, "Fear of falling is a protection and danger", and three main themes: "Fear of falling is a sense of unease", "Fear of falling is to be vulnerable", and "Fear of falling is a call for help".ConclusionThe concept of fear of falling was perceived in terms of emotional states as well as cognitive and active strategies and was described in the context of being able to protect oneself in order to stay safe and secure. The concept was described as a dichotomy, whereby fear of falling on the one hand posed a threat to the sense of security but on the other hand provided protection against harm through increased awareness and cautious behaviour. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of fear of falling and how it could be seen from both a positive and negative perspective.

Project description:BackgroundCases of reported tick-borne diseases in humans have increased over the past decades. Strategies informing the public about ticks, their associated diseases, and preventive measures are often highlighted as important in limiting pathogen transfer and disease. However, knowledge about the motivation for people to apply preventative measures is sparse.MethodsThe aim was to examine if Protection Motivation Theory, a model of disease prevention and health promotion, can predict the use of protective measures against ticks. Ordinal logistic regression and Chi-square tests were used on data from a cross-sectional survey with respondents from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden (n = 2658). We examined the effect of (1) the perceived seriousness of tick bites, Lyme borreliosis (LB), and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), and (2) the perceived probability of getting a tick bite, Lyme borreliosis, and tick-borne encephalitis on protection against ticks. Finally, we examined if there was an association between the use of a protective measure and the perceived efficacy of that measure.ResultsThe perceived seriousness of a tick bite and LB significantly predict who is more likely to apply protective measures for all three countries combined. The perceived seriousness of TBE did not significantly predict the level of adoption of protective measures applied by respondents. The perceived likelihood of getting a tick bite within the next 12 months and the perceived likelihood of getting LB if bitten by a tick significantly predicted the application of protective measures. However, the increases in the likelihood of protection were very small. The application of a certain type of protection was always correlated with the perceived efficacy of the same protective measure.ConclusionSome variables of PMT may be used to predict the level of adoption of protection applied against ticks and tick-borne diseases. We found that the perceived seriousness of a tick bite and LB significantly predict the level of adoption protection. The perceived likelihood of getting a tick bite or LB also significantly predicted the level of adoption of protection, although the change was very small. The results regarding TBE were less clear. Lastly, there was an association between applying a protective measure and the perceived efficacy of the same measure.

Project description:BackgroundOlder adults experience a significant decline in muscle integrity and function with aging. Early detection of decreased muscle quality can pave the way for interventions to mitigate the progression of age-related physical declines. Phase angle (PhA) and impedance ratio (IR) are measures of muscle integrity, which can be assessed quickly via bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and may be indicative of physical function.ObjectiveThis study aimed to characterize the relationships among handgrip strength (HGS), sit-to-stand (STS), BTrackS balance scores, fear of falling (evaluated using the Short Falls Efficacy Scale-International [Short FES-I]), and IR among community-dwelling older adult women classified as having a low or high PhA.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis was conducted with 85 older women (mean age 75.0, SD 7.2 years; mean weight 71.0, SD 15.0 kg; mean height 162.6, SD 6.1 cm). To examine the influence of PhA on performance measures, participants were divided into 2 PhA groups: high (>4.1°; n=56) and low (≤4.1°; n=29). Data were nonnormative; hence, the Mann-Whitney U test was used to evaluate between-group differences, and Kendall τ coefficients were used to determine the partial correlations.ResultsThe low PhA group had a significantly higher IR (mean 0.85, SD 0.03) than the high PhA group (mean 0.81, SD 0.03; r=.92; P<.001). The high PhA group had superior HGS (mean 21.4, SD 6.2 kg; P=.007; r=0.36), BTrackS balance scores (mean 26.6, SD 9.5 cm; P=.03; r=0.30), and STS scores (mean 16.0, SD 5.5; P<.001; r=0.49) than the low PhA group (mean HGS 17.6, SD 4.7 kg; mean BTrackS balance score 37.1, SD 21.1 cm; mean STS score 10.7, SD 6.2). Both PhA and IR were significantly correlated with HGS and BTrackS balance, STS, and Short FES-I scores (P<.05). However, on adjusting for the whole sample's age, only PhA was strongly correlated with HGS (τb=0.75; P=.003) and STS scores (τb=0.76; P=.002). Short FES-I scores were moderately correlated with IR (τb=0.46; P=.07) after controlling for age. No significant between-group differences were observed for height, weight, or BMI.ConclusionsPhA and IR are associated with physical function and the fear of falling in older women. However, only PhA was significantly associated with physical function (HGS and STS) independent of age. Conversely, only IR was significantly associated with the fear of falling. Diminished physical function and increased IR appear to be characteristics of older women with a PhA of ≤4.1°. These findings suggest that PhA and IR measured through BIA together may serve as a valuable tool for early identification of older women at the risk of functional decline and a heightened fear of falling.

Dataset Information

A Protection Motivation Theory Approach to Understanding How Fear of Falling Affects Physical Activity Determinants in Older Adults.

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Publications

A Protection Motivation Theory Approach to Understanding How Fear of Falling Affects Physical Activity Determinants in Older Adults.

Similar Datasets

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