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Cell surface-bound La protein regulates the cell fusion stage of osteoclastogenesis.

ABSTRACT: Multinucleated osteoclasts, essential for skeletal remodeling in health and disease, are formed by the fusion of osteoclast precursors, where each fusion event raises their bone-resorbing activity. Here we show that the nuclear RNA chaperone, La protein has an additional function as an osteoclast fusion regulator. Monocyte-to-osteoclast differentiation starts with a drastic decrease in La levels. As fusion begins, La reappears as a low molecular weight species at the osteoclast surface, where it promotes fusion. La's role in promoting osteoclast fusion is independent of canonical La-RNA interactions and involves direct interactions between La and Annexin A5, which anchors La to transiently exposed phosphatidylserine at the surface of fusing osteoclasts. Disappearance of cell-surface La, and the return of full length La to the nuclei of mature, multinucleated osteoclasts, acts as an off switch of their fusion activity. Targeting surface La in a novel explant model of fibrous dysplasia inhibits excessive osteoclast formation characteristic of this disease, highlighting La's potential as a therapeutic target.

SUBMITTER: Whitlock JM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9899215 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cell surface-bound La protein regulates the cell fusion stage of osteoclastogenesis.

Whitlock Jarred M JM Leikina Evgenia E Melikov Kamran K De Castro Luis Fernandez LF Mattijssen Sandy S Maraia Richard J RJ Collins Michael T MT Chernomordik Leonid V LV

Nature communications 20230204 1

Multinucleated osteoclasts, essential for skeletal remodeling in health and disease, are formed by the fusion of osteoclast precursors, where each fusion event raises their bone-resorbing activity. Here we show that the nuclear RNA chaperone, La protein has an additional function as an osteoclast fusion regulator. Monocyte-to-osteoclast differentiation starts with a drastic decrease in La levels. As fusion begins, La reappears as a low molecular weight species at the osteoclast surface, where it ...[more]

PMID: 36739273

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Project description:BackgroundAutotransporters are attractive cell surface display vehicles as they lack complex adaptor proteins necessary for protein export. Recent reports have suggested that the native effector domain (α domain) and translocation domain (β domain) interact with each other to drive translocation of the effector domain to the outer membrane. In this report we compared the expression, surface localisation and folding of TEM-1 β-lactamase (Bla) and maltose binding protein (MalE or MBP) fused to either full length Shigella flexneri IcsA (IcsA) autotransporter or to the β domain alone (IcsAβ) to determine the contribution of the native IcsA α domain in presenting the fusion proteins on the surface of E. coli K-12 UT5600 (ΔompT).ResultsExpression of IcsA-Bla was greater than IcsAβ-Bla. High levels of IcsA-MalE were detected but IcsAβ-MalE was not expressed. All fusion proteins other than IcsAβ-MalE were localised to the outer membrane and were detected on the surface of UT5600 via immunofluorescence microscopy. All bacteria expressing IcsA-MalE were labelled with both α-IcsA and α-MBP. UT5600 expressing IcsAβ-MalE was not labelled with α-MBP. A third of UT5600 expressing IcsA-Bla were detectable with α-Bla but only 5% of UT5600 (IcsAβ-Bla) were labelled with α-Bla. The correct folding of the Bla moiety when fused to IcsA and IcsAβ was also retained as UT5600 expressing either fusion protein exhibited a decreased zone of inhibition in the presence of ampicillin. UT5600 expressing IcsA-Bla was more resistant compared to UT5600 expressing IcsAβ-Bla.ConclusionsThe export mechanism of autotransporters is not well understood but accumulating evidence suggest a critical role for the native effector or α domain in facilitating its own export via interactions with the translocation or β domain. This is the first report directly comparing expression of heterologous proteins fused to the full length IcsA autotransporter and fusion to the β domain alone. Protein expression and surface presentation of the fusion proteins were dramatically improved when fused to IcsA rather than IcsAβ. Future studies involved in designing autotransporters as cell surface display vehicles would benefit from including the native α domain. This work also provides further evidence for a key interaction between the autotransporter α and β domains.

Dataset Information

Cell surface-bound La protein regulates the cell fusion stage of osteoclastogenesis.

Publications

Cell surface-bound La protein regulates the cell fusion stage of osteoclastogenesis.

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