Phylogenetic analysis and prevalence of Delta hepatitis among HBsAg carriers in Afghanistan
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER:
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9905752 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description:IntroductionInfection with hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is one of the most severe hepatitis B virus (HBV) complications, with a more rapid progression to cirrhosis and an increased risk of hepatic decompensation and death. Data on HDV infection in Cuba are limited. The aims of our study were to determine the HDV prevalence in HBsAg carriers and to characterize the HDV strains circulating. The data were used to assess the possibility of HDV elimination in the Cuban HBV epidemiological setting.MethodsFive hundred and two serum samples from the same number of HBsAg carriers collected in the period 2006-2019 from all over the country were tested for anti-HDV total antibodies. If positive, the samples were analyzed for HDV-RNA using Real-Time RT-PCR targeting the ribozyme and HD antigen domains followed by genotyping based on phylogenetic analysis.ResultsTwo samples were anti-HDV positive [0.39% (95% CI 0.11-1.44)]. One of them was also HDV-RNA positive. Clinically, the patient with active HDV infection had compensated liver cirrhosis. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the virus belonged to genotype 1 and thus clustered with contemporary strains from North America, Europe, Middle East, and Asia.DiscussionThis is the first HDV study, including molecular detection and virus characterization, done after the introduction of the universal childhood anti-hepatitis B vaccination. The very low prevalence of HDV infection in HBsAg carriers combined with the high HBV vaccination coverage of all newborn children, of previously identified risk groups, and of the general population currently under 40 years of age suggests that HDV elimination is feasible in Cuba if the success in HBV control is maintained.
| S-EPMC9928864 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC10772373 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND/AIMS: The issue of spontaneous relapse of hepatitis in anti-HBe positive asymptomatic HBsAg carriers was rarely reported before and deserves further exploration. METHODS: A total of 1241 anti-HBe positive asymptomatic adult HBsAg carriers were prospectively followed up. Of these, 661 (53%) were males, and the mean (+/-SD) age was 35.6 +/- 9.1 years. Relapse of hepatitis was defined as elevation of ALT more than twice the upper limit of normal accompanied by detectable serum HBV DNA by hybridization assays. RESULTS: During a mean follow up of 12.3 years, hepatitis relapsed in 211 patients with an annual rate of 1.46%. The cumulative probabilities of hepatitis relapse were 10.2%, 17.4%, 19.3%, 20.2%, and 20.2%, respectively, after 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 years of follow up. Multivariate analyses showed that the probability of hepatitis relapse correlated significantly with male sex (P < 0.0001) and age at entry (P = 0.007). The cumulative probability of hepatitis relapse after 20 years was 26.9% for males and only 12.5% for females, and was 13.1% for those of age <30 years at entry but increased to 29.4% for those of age 40-49 years at entry. CONCLUSION: Hepatitis relapsed in about 20% of asymptomatic HBsAg carries during 25 years of follow up. Relapse of hepatitis occurred more frequently during earlier years of follow up. Males were more likely to have relapse of hepatitis than females. In addition, relapse of hepatitis was significantly less frequent in patients who were younger than 30 years at study entry, possibly implicating more favorable outcome of earlier HBeAg seroconversion.
| S-EPMC2716824 | biostudies-other
Project description:Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection plays an important role in liver diseases. However, the molecular epidemiology and impact of HDV infection in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remain uncertain in Vietnam. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence and genotype distribution of HDV among HBsAg-positive patients in Central Vietnam. 250 CHB patients were tested for HDV using newly established HDV-specific RT-PCR techniques. HDV genotypes were determined by direct sequencing. Of the 250 patients 25 (10%) had detectable copies of HDV viral RNA. HDV-2 was predominant (20/25; 80%) followed by HDV-1 (5/25; 20%). Proven HDV genotypes share the Asian nomenclature. Chronic hepatitis B patients with concomitant HDV-1 showed higher HBV loads as compared to HDV-2 infected patients [median log10 (HBV-DNA copies/ml): 8.5 vs. 4.4, P = 0.036]. Our findings indicate that HDV infection is highly prevalent and HDV-2 is predominant in Central Vietnam. The data will add new information to the management of HBsAg-positive patients in a highly HBV endemic region to in- or exclude HDV infection in terms of diagnostic and treatment options.
| S-EPMC5389633 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background & aimsHBsAg proteins are useful to identify HBV inactive carriers (ICs), but data on chronic hepatitis D (CHD) are scarce. This study aimed to describe HBsAg composition in CHD, its changes during the evolution, and the potential association with clinical outcomes. In addition, we assess the composition of HBsAg across different HBV genotypes and validate previous results on HBsAg proteins in an independent HBV cohort.MethodsQuantitative HBsAg, medium HBsAg proteins (MHBs), and large HBsAg proteins (LHBs) were measured in two cohorts. The first cohort consisted of patients with CHD. A cross-sectional study of samples from two European institutions (N = 46) was conducted. Outcomes were assessed in a retrospective-prospective study of those patients with a follow-up of >1 year (n = 36), and the longitudinal evolution of HBsAg proteins in those with samples >5 years apart (n = 12) was analysed. The second cohort consisted of patients with HBeAg-negative HBV, and a cross-sectional study was performed (N = 141).ResultsForty-one (89%) patients with CHD had detectable HDV-RNA, and the presence of HDV-RNA was associated with higher LHBs proportion (p = 0.010). Baseline MHBs (p = 0.051) and MHBs proportion (p = 0.086) tended to be higher in those developing clinical outcomes (9/36, 25%) after a median follow-up of 5.9 years. Patients in which HDV-RNA became spontaneously undetectable during follow-up (5/31, 16.1%) tended to present lower MHBs proportion (p = 0.085). In the longitudinal study, changes in LHBs proportion were observed (p = 0.041), whereas MHBs proportion remained stable (p = 0.209). Regarding HBV, ICs showed lower LHBs proportion (p = 0.027). LHBs and MHBs differed significantly according to HBV genotype, regardless of the HBV phase.ConclusionsPatients with CHD with detectable HDV-RNA presented higher LHBs proportion than those with undetectable HDV-RNA. A trend toward having higher baseline MHBs proportion was observed in patients who developed clinical outcomes or remained with detectable HDV-RNA. This study validates the different HBsAg composition in HBV ICs and reveals the HBV-genotype influence in HBsAg composition.Impact and implicationsThe composition of HBsAg in chronic hepatitis D differs in patients with detectable and undetectable HDV viral load and may help predict the likelihood of achieving undetectable HDV viraemia and the development of clinical events such as decompensation. The composition of the surface antigen is also useful to distinguish inactive carriers of HBV, and it varies according to HBV genotype.
| S-EPMC10514556 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPregenomic RNA (pgRNA) and hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) play significant roles in predicting discontinuing treatment outcomes. However, their role in pregnancy has rarely been reported. We aimed to evaluate the performance of pgRNA and HBcrAg kinetics in predicting HBeAg seroconversion and HBsAg reduction postpartum in HBeAg-positive pregnant women.MethodsPregnant HBeAg-positive patients receiving antiviral prophylaxis and ceasing treatment postpartum were included. PgRNA and HBcrAg levels were measured before treatment, at 32 weeks of gestation, and at treatment withdrawal postpartum. Other virological and biochemical parameters were regularly examined until 96 weeks postpartum.ResultsOf 76 pregnant chronic hepatitis B (CHB) carriers with a median treatment duration of 18.1 weeks, HBeAg seroconversion and HBsAg reduction >0.3 log10 IU/mL at 96 weeks postpartum occurred in 8 (10.5%) and 13 (17.1%) patients, respectively. HBsAg correlated most strongly with pgRNA, while HBeAg correlated most strongly with HBcrAg. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that postpartum pgRNA decline and peak ALT levels were independent predictors of HBsAg reduction. The area under the curve of the regression model was 0.79 and reached as high as 0.76 through bootstrapping validation. The calibration plot showed that the nomogram had a performance similar to that of the ideal model. A decision tree was established to facilitate application of the nomogram. In addition, HBcrAg kinetics, as an independent predictor, performed poorly in predicting HBeAg seroconversion.ConclusionsPostpartum pgRNA decline together with peak ALT levels may identify patients with a higher probability of HBsAg reduction after treatment cessation postpartum among pregnant CHB carriers receiving antiviral prophylaxis.
| S-EPMC9791257 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundExpanding antiviral therapy to benefit more populations and optimizing treatment to improve prognoses are two main objectives in current guidelines on antiviral therapy. However, the guidelines do not recommend antiviral therapy for inactive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers (IHCs). Recent studies have shown that antiviral therapy is effective with good treatment outcomes in IHC populations. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of HBsAg clearance and conversion in IHCs.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Web of Science to retrieve articles on HBsAg clearance in IHCs published between January 2000 and August 2021. Data were collected and analysed using the random-effects model for meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 1029 IHCs from 11 studies were included in this analysis. The overall HBsAg clearance rate was 47% (95% confidence interval (CI): 31% - 64%), with a conversion rate of 26% (95% CI: 15% - 38%) after 48 weeks of Pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) treatment. In the control group (including nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) treatment or no treatment), the overall HBsAg clearance rate was only 1.54% (95% CI: 0.56% - 3.00%), which was markedly lower than that in the Peg-IFN group. Further analysis showed that a low baseline HBsAg level and long treatment duration contributed to a higher HBsAg clearance rate.ConclusionThis study showed that treatment of IHCs can be considered to achieve a clinical cure for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. After Peg-IFN treatment, the HBsAg clearance rate was 47%, and the conversion rate was 26%, which are markedly higher than those reported by previous studies on Peg-IFN treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). A low baseline HBsAg level and long treatment duration were associated with HBsAg clearance in IHCs. Therefore, antiviral therapy is applicable for IHCs, a population who may be clinically cured.Systematic review registrationhttp://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, CRD): CRD42021259889.
| S-EPMC8600041 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC10912444 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Hepatitis delta virus (HDV), a satellite virus of hepatitis B virus (HBV), infects an estimated 15-20 million people worldwide and confers a greater risk for accelerated progression to liver disease. However, limited HDV surveillance data are available in sub-Saharan Africa where HDV diversity is high. To determine the prevalence and diversity of HDV in Cameroon, serological and molecular characterization was performed on 1928 HBsAg positive specimens selected from retrospective viral surveillance studies conducted in Cameroon from 2010-2016. Samples were screened for HDV antibodies on the Abbott ARCHITECT instrument and for HDV RNA on the Abbott m2000 instrument by research assays. HDV positive specimens with sufficient viral load were selected for genomic sequencing. The seroprevalence of HDV in HBsAg positive samples from Cameroon was 46.73% [95% CI; 44.51-48.96%], with prevalence of active HDV infection being 34.2% [95% CI; 32.09-36.41%]. HDV genotypes 1, 6, 7 and 8 were identified amongst N = 211 sequences, including N = 145 genomes. HDV prevalence is high within the study cohort, indicating that a large portion of HBV infected individuals in Cameroon are at elevated risk for severe hepatitis and death. Collectively, these results emphasize the need for HBV vaccination and HDV testing in HBsAg positive patients in Cameroon.
| S-EPMC6072717 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundHepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic disease and has been reported around the world. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the sero-prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of HEV in Vietnam. Pig blood and fecal pooled samples were collected to assess the prevalence of HEV. We assessed the true prevalence (TP) of HEV from apparent prevalence (AP) by taking into account the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests using a Bayesian approach. For phylogenetic analysis, the data compared with worldwide HEV reference strains including all eight genotypes (G1-G8) which were identified in previous study.ResultsA total of 475 sera and 250 fecal pooled samples were collected at slaughterhouses and pig farms from five provinces, in Viet Nam. Overall, the sero-AP of HEV was 58.53% (95% confidence interval: 53.95-62.70) while the sero-TP was slightly higher (65.43, 95% credible interval: 47.19-84.70). In terms of pooled samples, overall, the RNA-AP was 6.80% (95% confidence interval: 4.01-10.66). One strain in Hanoi, two strains in Dak Lak, seven strains in An Giang, four strains in Son La and two strains in Nghe An were isolated. The phylogenetic tree demonstrated that 19 Vietnamese strains were clustered into HEV 3 and 4.ConclusionsThis study provided evidence that HEV is circulating in domestic pigs in Vietnam. From a public health perspective, it is very important to raise public awareness for high-risk groups (e.g. slaughterhouse workers, pig traders, farmers and market sellers) who have more opportunities to come in contact with pig and contaminated meats.
| S-EPMC7489210 | biostudies-literature