Export of ice-nucleating particles from watersheds: results from the Amazon and Tocantins river plumes.

ABSTRACT: We examined ice-nucleating particles (INPs) in the plumes of the Tocantins and Amazon rivers, which drain watersheds with different proportions of degraded land. The concentration of INPs active at -15°C (INP_-15) was an order of magnitude lower in the Tocantins (mean = 13.2 ml^-1; s.d. = 7.8 ml^-1), draining the more degraded watershed, compared with the Amazon (mean = 175.8 ml^-1; s.d. = 11.2 ml^-1), where the concentration was also significantly higher than in Atlantic surface waters (mean = 3.2 ml^-1; s.d. = 2.3 ml^-1). Differences in heat tolerance suggest that INPs emitted by the Amazon rainforest to the atmosphere or washed into the river might originate from contrasting sources on top of and below the rainforest

SUBMITTER: Einbock A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9905975 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature