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Gridded Datasets for Japan: Total, Male, and Female Populations from 2001-2020.

ABSTRACT: Japan is a highly urbanized and severely aging society. In an aging society, chronic disease and disability are prevalent, and the population is sensitive to environmental issues and climate change. To identify the effects of population changes, formulate population and public health policies, and assist environmental projects, a high-resolution and accurate gridded population dataset is highly desirable. To provide basic data for research in these areas, we created an open access annual dataset from 2001 to 2020 containing the total, male, and female population counts in each grid at a resolution of 500 m. A random forest method was employed to fill the gaps in Japan's nationwide census data collected in 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. The yearly population dataset was based on the 4^th-level mesh data from the Statistics Bureau of Japan to make it easy to use. The dataset is provided here along with descriptions of the data and methods used in the fitting, cross-validation, and prediction processes.

SUBMITTER: Li C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9908984 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Gridded Datasets for Japan: Total, Male, and Female Populations from 2001-2020.

Li Chao C Managi Shunsuke S

Scientific data 20230208 1

Japan is a highly urbanized and severely aging society. In an aging society, chronic disease and disability are prevalent, and the population is sensitive to environmental issues and climate change. To identify the effects of population changes, formulate population and public health policies, and assist environmental projects, a high-resolution and accurate gridded population dataset is highly desirable. To provide basic data for research in these areas, we created an open access annual dataset ...[more]

PMID: 36754963

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Project description:ImportanceA surrogate end point (SEP) is an end point used in clinical trials as an alternative for measuring the true clinical benefit. The use of SEPs in trials shortens their duration.ObjectivesTo investigate the use of SEPs in clinical trials to support the approval of anticancer drugs and to determine whether confirmatory studies that use overall survival (OS) as an end point are being conducted in Japan.Design, setting, and participantsIn this cross-sectional study, drug approvals and background information were obtained from publicly available information, such as the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency website, for anticancer drugs approved in Japan from January 2001 to December 2020. Data analysis was performed from September 2021 to March 2022.Main outcomes and measuresCharacteristics of approved oncology drugs in Japan, end points for pivotal clinical trials, and outcomes of confirmatory trials using OS as an end point following drug approval.ResultsThere were 299 anticancer drugs approved in Japan during the study period. Of these, 142 (47.5%) were molecular-targeted drugs, the most common of which targeted non-small cell lung cancer. There were 111 (37.1%) anticancer drugs with orphan designation. From 2001 to 2005, OS was used as an end point in 1 approval (3.6%); however, from 2006 to 2020, OS was used in 86 approvals (31.7%). Of the 212 anticancer drugs approved on the basis of SEPs, confirmatory studies with OS as the end point were conducted for only 37 approvals (17.5%); for the remaining 175 approvals, studies are under way for 35 approvals (16.5%), were waivered for 75 approvals (35.4%), and were not conducted for 65 approvals (30.7%). Furthermore, in 20 drug approvals (9.4%), the conducted confirmatory studies were not effective in determining the OS, but the drugs were approved following re-examination.Conclusions and relevanceThe findings of this study suggest that starting from 2005, the use of OS as an end point has increased in studies supporting the approval of anticancer drugs in Japan. However, even after 2005, approximately two-thirds of these approvals were SEP based. Postmarketing surveillance studies of the true end points are necessary to validate the use of SEPs.

Dataset Information

Gridded Datasets for Japan: Total, Male, and Female Populations from 2001-2020.

Publications

Gridded Datasets for Japan: Total, Male, and Female Populations from 2001-2020.

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