Organogermanium THGP Induces Differentiation into M1 Macrophages and Suppresses the Proliferation of Melanoma Cells via Phagocytosis.

ABSTRACT: M1 macrophages are an important cell type related to tumor immunology and are known to phagocytose cancer cells. In previous studies, the organogermanium compound poly-trans-[(2-carboxyethyl)germasesquioxane] (Ge-132) and its hydrolysate, 3-(trihydroxygermyl) propanoic acid (THGP), have been reported to exert antitumor effects by activating NK cells and macrophages through the induction of IFN-γ activity in vivo. However, the detailed molecular mechanism has not been clarified. In this study, we found that macrophages differentiate into the M1 phenotype via NF-κB activation under long-term culture in the presence of THGP in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, long-term culture with THGP increases the ability of RAW 264.7 cells to suppress B16 4A5 melanoma cell proliferation. These mecha

SUBMITTER: Azumi J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9915250 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature