Dataset Information

Tinea capitis among schoolchildren in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Tinea capitis accounts for25 to 30% of all fungal infections, but it is often ignored because it is not life threatening in nature. It is more common among schoolchildren particularly in developing countries. Due to the presence of significant variability among the previous studies, this study was conducted to provide a pooled prevalence and associated factors of tinea capitis in Ethiopian schoolchildren.

Method

We conducted a systematic search in five major databases for articles similar to our topic. This review included school-based cross-sectional studies that were reported in English and conducted from 2006 through 2022. The data were extracted using Microsoft Excel and further analysis was done using StataTM Version 17.0 statistical software. Forest plots were used to assess the presence of heterogeneity with 95% confidence intervals. A random effects meta- analysis model was used to pool primary estimates. To declare the presence or absence of association, 95% confidence interval with odds ratio was used.

Results

Fourteen studies with a total of 9465 schoolchildren were included. The pooled prevalence was 29.03% (95%CI: 15.37-42.71). There was observed heterogeneity, which could be explained by publication bias (P = 0.04). Family history of tinea capitis (OR: 9.18, 95%CI: 3.5-24.02), under the age of 10 years (OR: 1.65, 95%CI: 1.17-2.33) were factors increasing the development of tinea capitis among schoolchildren and schoolchildren who had hair wash at least once a week (OR: 0.31, 95%CI: 0.24-0.42) was significantly associated with reduced risk for tinea capitis.

Conclusion

One of the most prevalent childhood health condition in Ethiopia is tinea capitis, which affects over one in every four schoolchildren. Schoolchildren who had family history of tinea capitis and under the age of 10 years were the identified risk factors but they had hair wash at least once a week was the protective factor of tinea capitis among schoolchildren. Clinical and public engagement activities are needed to overcome the burden of the disease.

SUBMITTER: Birhanu MY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9916598 | biostudies-literature | 2023

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Tinea capitis among schoolchildren in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta analysis.

Birhanu Molla Yigzaw MY Temesgen Habtamu H Ketema Daniel Bekele DB Desta Melaku M Getaneh Temesgen T Bekele Getamesay Molla GM Zeleke Balew B Jemberie Selamawit Shita SS

PloS one 20230210 2

<h4>Background</h4>Tinea capitis accounts for25 to 30% of all fungal infections, but it is often ignored because it is not life threatening in nature. It is more common among schoolchildren particularly in developing countries. Due to the presence of significant variability among the previous studies, this study was conducted to provide a pooled prevalence and associated factors of tinea capitis in Ethiopian schoolchildren.<h4>Method</h4>We conducted a systematic search in five major databases f ...[more]

PMID: 36763601

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Project description:Background and aimsIn deprived and poor communities worldwide, scabies remains an overlooked tropical disease. Numerous individual studies have been conducted in Ethiopia on this issue, demonstrating notable disparities and inconclusive findings. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to establish Ethiopia's pooled scabies prevalence and determinants among schoolchildren.MethodsStudies were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and African Journals Online through a systematic search. The Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool was employed to assess the quality of observational studies (cross-sectional and case-control). The meta-analysis was performed using Stata software version 14 and its metan command. A forest plot was used with a random effects model to calculate the pooled prevalence and its 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were employed to evaluate potential sources of heterogeneity. The funnel plot and Egger's test were used to evaluate publication bias, while heterogeneity was assessed using inverse variance (I 2).ResultsIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, 14.71% (733/5104) of schoolchildren had scabies, with a 95% CI of 8.90%-20.52%. The highest prevalence is recorded in the Amhara region (17.09%; 95% CI: 2.15-32.04), and the lower prevalence is seen in the Oromia region (12.52%; 95% CI: 10.08-14.95). Children sharing clothes with scabies cases, using common sleeping beds/fomites, having a family history of scabies, and having illiterate parents are significantly associated with scabies among Ethiopian schoolchildren (based on adjusted odds ratios: 7.07; 95% CI: 1.55-12.59, 2.13; 95% CI: 0.04-4.22, 1.45; 95% CI: 0.35-3.94, 1.42; 95% CI: 0.94-0.89).ConclusionThe current prevalence of scabies ranges from 12.52% to 17.09% and is higher in the Amhara region. The national policymakers and health planners should prioritize implementing prevention and control measures of scabies among schoolchildren through ivermectin-based mass drug administration for three to five rounds annually until the prevalence is less than 2%.

Project description:BackgroundHookworm infection is a common problem among schoolchildren and mothers in tropical and subtropical countries, causing cognitive impairment, growth retardation in children and anaemia, low birth weight, preterm birth, and intrauterine growth delay in susceptible mothers. Since schoolchildren generally have a higher prevalence due to behavioral and hygiene-related factors, our systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for Hookworm infection among schoolchildren in Ethiopia.MethodsRelevant studies were retrieved from several search databases. The data were extracted via a standard data extraction format, and STATA version 11 was utilized for the analysis. Funnel plots and Egger's regression tests were used to evaluate publication bias, whereas the I2 test was used to determine heterogeneity. A random effects model meta-analysis was conducted to determine the pooled prevalence and associated factors of Hookworm infection among schoolchildren.ResultsIn this review, 48 studies with 43,285 participants were included. The pooled prevalence of Hookworm among schoolchildren was 13.01% (95% CI: 10.52, 15.51). Hookworm infection was significantly associated with the inability to use protective footwear (OR = 5.90, 95% CI: 2.86, 12.18) and the inability to use latrines (OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.77, 5.23). Subgroup analysis by diagnostic methods revealed that the highest prevalence of Hookworm was found to be 28.50% (95% CI: 24.09, 32.91) using combinations of Kato-Katz, McMaster, and spontaneous tube sedimentation techniques.ConclusionOur study revealed that a significant prevalence of schoolchildren were affected by Hookworms, with substantial regional variations. This suggests that there is a need for better control measures such as improving hygiene, sanitation, and protective measures such as footwear. In addition, a combination of one or more diagnostic methods should be employed for better detection of parasites. This systematic review and meta-analysis have been registered in PROSPERO with reference number CRD42024558542.

Project description:IntroductionMyopia is a global public health concern that has a significant socioeconomic and psychological impact on schoolchildren. If Myopic patients are not detected early, they are exposed to retinal detachment, cataracts, and glaucoma. There have been previous studies conducted in Ethiopia, but there is significant inconsistency among studies. Hence, the aim of this study was to provide a single figure as well as associated factors for Myopia among Ethiopian schoolchildren.MethodThe national and international databases and gray literature were searched for important research articles. This review included school-based cross-sectional studies that were reported in English. The data were extracted using Microsoft word and exported to Stata™ Version 17.0 statistical software for further management and analysis .The presence of heterogeneity was checked using Cochrane Q test via fixed effects model and presented by forest plots with 95% CI. Due to the presence of substantial heterogeneity, I2 test using random effects model was computed to estimate the effect size. The existing heterogeneity among studies was explained by regional difference. To identify factors associated with myopia, meta regression was computed and significant factors was reported using OR with 95% CI.ResultsIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, 12 studies with a total of 9688 schoolchildren were included. The national estimate of myopia among schoolchildren in Ethiopia was 6.49% (95%CI: 4.86, 8.12). Having family history of myopia (OR: 9.18, 95%CI: 3.5,24.02) and being female (OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.98) were the identified factors associated with myopia.ConclusionMyopia is one of the most prevalent childhood health condition in Ethiopia, which affects about one in every fourteen schoolchildren. Schoolchildren who had family history of myopia and being female were the identified risk factors of myopia among schoolchildren. Clinical and public engagement activities are needed to address the burden of myopia.

Project description:IntroductionThe most common and severe cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV- positive children is opportunistic infections (OIs). All HIV-infected children are at risk of developing a variety of OIs. Healthcare workers, programmers, and other stakeholders are in doubt about using the onset and predictors of OIs among schoolchildren on antiretroviral therapy (ART) due to the presence of conflicting results found in the primary studies. Hence, this study was conducted to provide a single figure of onset and specific predictors of OIs by overcoming the existing heterogeneity in Ethiopia.MethodsThe included studies were searched from different national and international databases systematically. The included studies were cohort in design and published in English between 2015 and 2022. The data were extracted using a validated Microsoft Excel tool after the quality of the included studies was assured. The extracted data were exported to Stata Version 17.0 for further management and analysis. The presence of heterogeneity across studies was checked using the Chi-square test and quantified using the I 2 test. Various methods, including forest plots, publication bias assessment, sensitivity tests, subgroup analysis, and meta-regression, were employed to determine the source of heterogeneity, but none were successful. The overall onset of OIs was estimated by pooling the incidence of primary studies using a random-effects meta-analysis model. The predictors were identified using meta-regression and the presence of significant association was declared using a p-value of 0.05 with 95% CI. The strength of association was reported using an adjusted hazard ratio with 95% CI.ResultsEleven studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The onset of OIs among schoolchildren on ART in Ethiopia was 5.58 (95% CI: 4.50, 6.67) per 100 children-years of OI-free observations. Those children who had no parents had a 1.41 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.80) times higher chance of getting OIs when compared with those children having one or both parents. Children who had poor ART adherence had a 2.96 (95% CI: 1.66, 5.29) times higher chance of experiencing OIs than children who had good ART adherence. Finally, the chance of experiencing OIs among rural children was 2.15 (95% CI: 1.63, 2.83) times higher than their counterparts in Ethiopia.ConclusionsThree in every 33 schoolchildren on ART developed OIs in Ethiopia. Predictors of OIs included schoolchildren without parents, those with poor adherence to ART, and rural residents. This suggests that social support, medication adherence, and access to healthcare services may play important roles in preventing and controlling OIs among schoolchildren living with HIV in rural areas.

Project description:BackgroundSkin problems cause significant sickness in communities with poor living conditions, but they have received less attention in national or global health studies because of their low mortality rates. In many developing regions, the prevalence of parasitic skin diseases among schoolchildren is not reported. Previous studies thus have attempted to identify risk factors for these conditions using the frequentist approach. This study aimed to assess the occurrence and risk factors of skin infections among rural schoolchildren in southern Ethiopia by combining a frequentist and a Bayesian approach.Methodology/principal findingsUsing three-stage random sampling, we assessed 864 schoolchildren aged 7-14 years from the Wonago district in southern Ethiopia. We detected potential risk factors for scabies, tungiasis, and tinea infections and recorded their hygienic practices and socio-demographic information. The frequentist model revealed a clustering effect of 8.8% at the classroom level and an insignificant effect at the school level. The Bayesian model revealed a clustering effect of 16% at the classroom level and 5.3% at the school level. Almost three-fourths of the sample had at least one type of skin problem, and boys were at higher overall risk than girls (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.55 [95% Bayesian credible interval [BCI] 1.01, 2.28). Risk factors included unclean fingernails (aOR 1.85 [95% BCI 1.08, 2.97]); not washing the body (aOR 1.90 [95% BCI 1.21, 2.85]) and hair (aOR 3.07 [95% BCI 1.98, 4.57]) with soap every week; sharing a bed (aOR 1.97 [95% BCI 1.27, 2.89]), clothes (aOR 5.65 [95% BCI 3.31, 9.21]), or combs (aOR 3.65 [95% BCI 2.28, 5.53]); and living in a poor household (aOR 1.76 [95% BCI 1.03, 2.83]). Washing legs and feet with soap daily was identified as a protective factor for each of the three skin diseases (aOR 0.23 [95% BCI 0.15, 0.33]).Conclusions/significanceWe observed high variation in skin problems at the classroom level, indicating the presence of shared risk factors in these locations. The findings suggest the need to improve children's personal hygiene via health education by schoolteachers and health workers.

Dataset Information

Tinea capitis among schoolchildren in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta analysis.

Background

Method

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Tinea capitis among schoolchildren in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta analysis.

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