Extra-Cellular Vesicles Derived from Thyroid Cancer Cells Promote the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and the Transfer of Malignant Phenotypes through Immune Mediated Mechanisms.

ABSTRACT: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, and its incidence is increasing in many countries around the world. Among thyroid cancers, the papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) histotype is particularly prevalent. A small percentage of papillary tumors is associated with metastases and aggressive behavior due to de-differentiation obtained through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by which epithelial thyroid cells acquire a fibroblast-like morphology, reduce cellular adhesion, increase motility and expression of mesenchymal proteins. The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in promoting an aggressive phenotype through hypoxia and the secretion of HMGB1 and other factors. Hypoxia has been shown to drastically change the tumor cell phenotype and has been associated with

SUBMITTER: Mardente S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9917007 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature