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Rhamnopyranoside-Based Fatty Acid Esters as Antimicrobials: Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, PASS, Antimicrobial, and Molecular Docking Studies.

ABSTRACT: The most widely used and accessible monosaccharides have a number of stereogenic centers that have been hydroxylated and are challenging to chemically separate. As a result, the task of regioselective derivatization of such structures is particularly difficult. Considering this fact and to get novel rhamnopyranoside-based esters, DMAP-catalyzed di-O-stearoylation of methyl α-l-rhamnopyranoside (3) produced a mixture of 2,3-di-O- (4) and 3,4-di-O-stearates (5) (ratio 2:3) indicating the reactivity of the hydroxylated stereogenic centers of rhamnopyranoside as 3-OH > 4-OH > 2-OH. To get novel biologically active rhamnose esters, di-O-stearates 4 and 5 were converted into six 4-O- and 2-O-esters 6-11, which were fully characterized by FT-IR, ¹H, and ¹³C NMR spectral techniques. In vitro antimicrobial assays revealed that fully esterified rhamnopyranosides 6-11 with maximum lipophilic character showed better antifungal susceptibility than antibacterial activity. These experimental findings are similar to the results found from PASS analysis data. Furthermore, the pentanoyl derivative of 2,3-di-O-stearate (compound 6) showed better antifungal functionality against F. equiseti and A. flavus, which were found to be better than standard antibiotics. To validate the better antifungal results, molecular docking of the rhamnose esters 4-11 was performed with lanosterol 14α-demethylase (PDB ID: 3LD6), including the standard antifungal antibiotics ketoconazole and fluconazole. In this instance, the binding affinities of 10 (-7.6 kcal/mol), 9 (-7.5 kcal/mol), and 7 (-6.9 kcal/mol) were better and comparable to fluconazole (-7.3 kcal/mol), indicating the likelihood of their use as non-azole type antifungal drugs in the future.

SUBMITTER: Sanaullah AFM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9919056 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Rhamnopyranoside-Based Fatty Acid Esters as Antimicrobials: Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, PASS, Antimicrobial, and Molecular Docking Studies.

Sanaullah Abul Fazal Muhammad AFM Devi Puja P Hossain Takbir T Sultan Sulaiman Bin SB Badhon Mohammad Mohib Ullah MMU Hossain Md Emdad ME Uddin Jamal J Patwary Md Abdul Majed MAM Kazi Mohsin M Matin Mohammed Mahbubul MM

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 20230118 3

The most widely used and accessible monosaccharides have a number of stereogenic centers that have been hydroxylated and are challenging to chemically separate. As a result, the task of regioselective derivatization of such structures is particularly difficult. Considering this fact and to get novel rhamnopyranoside-based esters, DMAP-catalyzed di-O-stearoylation of methyl α-l-rhamnopyranoside (3) produced a mixture of 2,3-di-O- (4) and 3,4-di-O-stearates (5 ...[more]

PMID: 36770652

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Project description:Carbohydrate esters are significant in medicinal chemistry because of their efficacy for the synthesis of biologically active drugs. In the present study, methyl β-D-galactopyranoside (MGP) was treated with various acyl halides to produce 6-O-acyl MGP esters by direct acylation method with an excellent yield. To obtain newer products for antimicrobial assessment studies, the 6-O-MGP esters were further modified into 2,3,4-tri-O-acyl MGP esters containing a wide variety of functionalities in a single molecular framework. The chemical structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by analyzing their physicochemical, elemental, and spectroscopic data. In vitro antimicrobial testing against five bacteria and two fungi and the prediction of activity spectra for substances (PASS) revealed that these MGP estes have promising antifungal functionality compared to their antibacterial activities. The antimicrobial tests demonstrated that the compounds 3 and 10 were the most potent against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli strains, with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.352 ± 0.02 to 0.703 ± 0.01 mg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values ranging from 0.704 ± 0.02 to 1.408 ± 0.04 mg/ml. Density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/3-21G level of theory was employed to enumerate, frontier orbital energy, enthalpy, free energy, electronic energy, MEP, dipole moment which evaluated the effect of certain groups (aliphatic and aromatic) on drug properties. They discovered that all esters were more thermodynamically stable than the parent molecule. Molecular docking is performed using AutoDock Vina to determine the binding affinities and interactions between the MGP esters and the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. The modified esters strongly interact with the prime Cys145, His41, MET165, GLY143, THR26, and ASN142 residues. The MGP esters' shape and ability to form multiple electrostatic and hydrogen bonds with the active site match other minor-groove binders' binding modes. The molecular dynamics simulation validates the molecular docking results. The pharmacokinetic characterization of the optimized inhibitor demonstrates that these MGP esters appear to be safer inhibitors and a combination of in silico ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) prediction and drug-likeness had promising results due to their improved kinetic properties. Structure activity relationships (SAR) study including in vitro and silico results revealed that the acyl chain, palmitoyl (C16) and 4-chlorobenzoyl (4.ClC6H4CO-) in combination with sugar were found the most potential activates against human and fungal pathogens. After all, our comprehensive computational and statistical analysis shows that these selected MGP esters can be used as potential inhibitors against the SARS-CoV-2.

Project description:Current antimicrobial drug discovery and advancement attempts are aimed to identify new complexes that can work effectively against the infections caused by microbes. The aim of present study was to synthesize new diorganotin(IV) complexes of N'-((8-hydroxy-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydropyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)methylene)-2-nitrobenzohydrazide (H2L1), N'-((8-hydroxy-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydropyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)methylene)-3-methoxybenzohydrazide (H2L2) and N'-((8-hydroxy-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydropyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)methylene)-4-methylbenzohydrazide (H2L3) Schiff base ligands with formula R2SnL1−3 (where R = Me, Et, Bu and Ph). Various spectral and physico-analytical techniques such as elemental analysis, FT-IR, multinuclear (1H, 13C, 119Sn) NMR, HRMS and XRD were utilized to structurally elucidate the prepared compounds. Based on the spectral data, it was concluded that ligands behave in a tridentate manner and coordinates to the central tin atom through ONO donor atoms. Furthermore, the synthesized compounds were examined for in vitro antimicrobial activity against four bacterial and two fungal strains. Among the examined compounds, Ph2SnL1 complex (MIC = 0.0095 µmol/mL) was found to be the most active. To rationalize the preferred mode of interactions of the most active compound, a molecular docking study of compound Ph2SnL1 was executed in the binding site of 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase 2 (FabF) of E. coli and sterol 14-alpha demethylase of C. albicans. Compound Ph2SnL1 inhibits the microbes effectively and it could be an effective and new candidate for the modulation of various infections. Graphical Abstract New diorganotin(IV) complexes (4–15) were prepared from tridentate Schiff base hydrazones (1–3). The compounds were examined for in vitro antimicrobial activity. Further, molecular docking study of the most potent compound Ph2SnL1 (7) was performed against the enzyme 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase 2 (FabF) of E. coli and sterol 14-alpha demethylase of C. albicans. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11164-022-04860-0.

Dataset Information

Rhamnopyranoside-Based Fatty Acid Esters as Antimicrobials: Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, PASS, Antimicrobial, and Molecular Docking Studies.

Publications

Rhamnopyranoside-Based Fatty Acid Esters as Antimicrobials: Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, PASS, Antimicrobial, and Molecular Docking Studies.

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