Dataset Information

Accommodation and disability-specific differences in nutritional status of children with disabilities in Kathmandu, Nepal: A cross-sectional study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Worldwide, more than 150 million children < 18 years live with disabilities. These children are more vulnerable to malnutrition regardless of institutional care that they receive, such as daycare or residential care. In Nepal, little is known about the status of malnutrition and factors associated with malnutrition among children with disabilities. This study was conducted to investigate the factors associated with malnutrition based on the types of disability and accommodation.

Methods

This institution-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in 22 institutions in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. From these institutions, parents/guardians of all children with disabilities were recruited who were present there on the day of data collection. They were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions on demographic characteristics, disability type and severity, accommodation place, feeding practices, and dietary patterns. The outcome variables, stunting, underweight, and obesity were measured using height-for-age, weight-for-age, and body mass index-for-age, respectively. A generalized linear model was used to investigate the factors associated with stunting and underweight, and multinomial logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with overweight and obesity.

Results

Among the 345 children with disabilities, 45% were stunted, 33% were underweight, 19% were thin, and 12% were overweight. Children with physical disabilities (relative risk ratio = 1.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26-2.81) were more likely to be stunted than those with sensory disabilities. Children with autism (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 5.56, 95% CI: 1.23-25.23) and intellectual disabilities (aOR = 5.84, 95% CI: 1.59-21.51) were more likely to be overweight and obese than those with sensory disabilities. No evidence was found regarding an association between accommodation type and malnutrition.

Conclusion

Children with disabilities are vulnerable to malnutrition in several ways. Different types of disabilities are associated with different forms of malnutrition. Considering the types of disabilities, tailor-made approaches should be adopted to improve malnutrition status.

SUBMITTER: Sapkota KP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9926754 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Accommodation and disability-specific differences in nutritional status of children with disabilities in Kathmandu, Nepal: A cross-sectional study.

Sapkota Krishna Prasad KP Shibanuma Akira A Ong Ken Ing Cherng KIC Kiriya Junko J Jimba Masamine M

BMC public health 20230213 1

<h4>Background</h4>Worldwide, more than 150 million children < 18 years live with disabilities. These children are more vulnerable to malnutrition regardless of institutional care that they receive, such as daycare or residential care. In Nepal, little is known about the status of malnutrition and factors associated with malnutrition among children with disabilities. This study was conducted to investigate the factors associated with malnutrition based on the types of disability and accommodatio ...[more]

PMID: 36782145

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Project description:IntroductionGood nutrition knowledge and nutrient intake have been regarded as significant determinants in enhancing athletes' performance and overall health status. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices of nutrition and dietary intake among athletes.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2022 among national athletes from two sports clubs in Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Anthropometric measurements and dietary intake were recorded. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression was used to estimate the crude odds ratios (cOR), and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsA total of 270 players were included in this study (mean age, 25 years; 49.6% male, 50.4% female). Almost half of the athletes had good nutrition knowledge [54.1% (146/270)], attitude [56.7% (153/270)], and practices [50% (135/270)] scores. The mean energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake were 35.0 kcal/kg/day, 5.6, 0.9, and 0.9 g/kg/day, respectively. Likewise, mean calcium and iron intake were 370, and 12.5 mg, respectively. In the multivariate model, families with monthly household income less than 50,000 Nepalese rupees ($400) (adjusted Odds Ratio/aOR = 2.58; 95% CI: 1.12 to 5.96), and those who did not receive diet plan (aOR = 3.14; 95% CI: 1.25 to 7.84) were more likely to have poor nutrition knowledge. Players who did not check food labelling (aOR = 1.44; 95% CI: 0.78 to 2.63) were more likely to have negative attitude towards nutrition. Players who did not ever attend nutrition class (aOR = 3.54; 95% CI: 1.46 to 8.54) and those who did not consume different food during off and on the season of sports (aOR = 2.36; 95% CI: 1.39 to 4.01) were more likely to have poor nutrition practice.ConclusionsHalf of the athletes' nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and practices score were satisfactory. Nutrient intake among athletes was suboptimal. Nutrition intervention programs are critical to improve nutritional knowledge, attitude and practice related to dietary intake among national athletes in Nepal.

Project description:Quality education at the age of foundation to produce dynamic manpower is a public concern in developing countries including Nepal. Preschool children do not get proper care and support from their parents due to insufficient knowledge of proper feeding habits, nutrition status and methods of psychosocial stimulation, which may affect their proper cognitive development. This study aimed to identify the factors that influence cognitive development in preschool children aged 3-5 years in Rupandehi district of western Terai, Nepal. In this school based cross-sectional survey, a total of 401 preschool children were selected using a multistage random sampling technique. The study was conducted from 4th February to 12th April, 2021 in Rupandehi district of Nepal. Data on the children's socio-economic and demographic status, level of psychosocial stimulation, nutritional status, and stage of cognitive development were collected through scheduled interviews and direct observation. Stepwise regression analysis was performed to determine the predictors of cognitive development in preschool children. A p-value less than 0.05 considered as statistical significance. Of 401 participants, 44.1% had a normal nutritional status based on height for age Z-score (HAZ). Only 1.2% of primary caregivers provided their children with high levels of psychosocial stimulation, and 49.1% of children had a medium level of cognitive development. Furthermore, cognitive development in preschoolers is positively associated with nutritional status based on the height for age z score (β = 0.280; p<0.0001), psychological stimulation from caregivers (β = 0.184; p<0.0001), and advantageous castes/ethnicity (β = 0.190; p<0.0001), but negatively associated with the child's age (β = - 0.145; p = 0.002) and family type (β = -0.157; p = 0.001). Nutritional status and psychosocial stimulation appear to be major factors affecting cognitive development of preschoolers. Nutritional promotion strategies, as well as techniques for optimal psychosocial stimulation behavior, may play an important role in enhancing preschoolers' cognitive development.

Project description:BackgroundChildren with disabilities are widely believed to be less likely to attend school or access health care, and more vulnerable to poverty. There is currently little large-scale or internationally comparable evidence to support these claims. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of disability on the lives of children sponsored by Plan International across 30 countries.Methods and findingsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey including 907,734 children aged 0-17 participating in the Plan International Sponsorship Programme across 30 countries in 2012. Parents/guardians were interviewed using standardised questionnaires including information on: age, sex, health, education, poverty, and water and sanitation facilities. Disability was assessed through a single question and information was collected on type of impairment. The dataset included 8,900 children with reported disabilities across 30 countries. The prevalence of disability ranged from 0.4%-3.0% and was higher in boys than girls in 22 of the 30 countries assessed - generally in the range of 1.3-1.4 fold higher. Children with disabilities were much less likely to attend formal education in comparison to children without disabilities in each of the 30 countries, with age-sex adjusted odds ratios exceeding 10 for nearly half of the countries. This relationship varied by impairment type. Among those attending school, children with disabilities were at a lower level of schooling for their age compared to children without disabilities. Children with disabilities were more likely to report experiencing a serious illness in the last 12 months, except in Niger. There was no clear relationship between disability and poverty.ConclusionsChildren with disabilities are at risk of not fulfilling their educational potential and are more vulnerable to serious illness. This exclusion is likely to have a long-term deleterious impact on their lives unless services are adapted to promote their inclusion.

Dataset Information

Accommodation and disability-specific differences in nutritional status of children with disabilities in Kathmandu, Nepal: A cross-sectional study.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Accommodation and disability-specific differences in nutritional status of children with disabilities in Kathmandu, Nepal: A cross-sectional study.

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