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An insight into synthesis and antitumor activity of citrate and gallate stabilizing gold nanospheres.

ABSTRACT: Both gallic and citrate are well-established antioxidants that show promise as new selective anti-cancer drugs. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as well can be developed as flexible and nontoxic nano-carriers for anti-cancer drugs. This article evaluating the efficiency and biocompatibility of gallic acid and citrate capping gold nanoparticles to be used as anti-cancer drug. The biosafety and therapeutic efficiency of prepared nano-formulations were tested on Hela and normal BHK cell line. Gold nanospheres coated with citrate and gallate were synthesized via wet chemical reduction method. The prepared nano-formulations, citrate and gallate coated gold nanospheres (Cit-AuNPs and Ga-AuNPs), were characterized with respect to their morphology, FTIR spectra, and physical properties. In addition, to assess their cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest and flow cytometry to measure biological response were performed. Cit-Au NPs and Ga-Au NPs were shown to significantly reduce the viability of Hela cancer cells. Both G0/G cell cycle arrest and comet assay results showed that genotoxic effect was induced in Hela cells by Cit-Au NPs and Ga-Au NPs. The results of this study showed that Cit-Au NPs and Ga-AuNPs inhibit the growth of metastatic cervical cancer cells, which could have therapeutic implications.

SUBMITTER: Fathy MM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9935520 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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An insight into synthesis and antitumor activity of citrate and gallate stabilizing gold nanospheres.

Fathy Mohamed M MM Elfiky Abdo A AA Bashandy Yousef S YS Hamdy Mayar M MM Elgharib Ahmed M AM Ibrahim Ibrahim M IM Kamal Rana T RT Mohamed Ahmed S AS Rashad Anan M AM Ahmed Ola S OS Elkaramany Yomna Y Abdelaziz Youssef S YS Amin Fatma G FG Eid Jehane I JI

Scientific reports 20230216 1

Both gallic and citrate are well-established antioxidants that show promise as new selective anti-cancer drugs. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as well can be developed as flexible and nontoxic nano-carriers for anti-cancer drugs. This article evaluating the efficiency and biocompatibility of gallic acid and citrate capping gold nanoparticles to be used as anti-cancer drug. The biosafety and therapeutic efficiency of prepared nano-formulations were tested on Hela and normal BHK cell line. Gold nanosp ...[more]

PMID: 36797452

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Project description:BackgroundThe use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for diagnostic applications and for drug and gene-delivery is currently under intensive investigation. For such applications, biocompatibility and the absence of cytotoxicity of AuNPs is essential. Although generally considered as highly biocompatible, previous in vitro studies have shown that cytotoxicity of AuNPs in certain human epithelial cells was observed. In particular, the degree of purification of AuNPs (presence of sodium citrate residues on the particles) was shown to affect the proliferation and induce cytotoxicity in these cells. To expand these studies, we have examined if the effects are related to nanoparticle size (10, 11?nm, 25?nm), to the presence of sodium citrate on the particles' surface or they are due to a varying degree of internalization of the AuNPs. Since two cell types are present in the major barriers to the outside in the human body, we have also included endothelial cells from the vasculature and blood brain barrier.ResultsTransmission electron microscopy demonstrates that the internalized gold nanoparticles are located within vesicles. Increased cytotoxicity was observed after exposure to AuNPs and was found to be concentration-dependent. In addition, cell viability and the proliferation of both endothelial cells decreased after exposure to gold nanoparticles, especially at high concentrations. Moreover, in contrast to the size of the particles (10?nm, 11?nm, 25?nm), the presence of sodium citrate on the nanoparticle surface appeared to enhance these effects. The effects on microvascular endothelial cells from blood vessels were slightly enhanced compared to the effects on brain-derived endothelial cells. A quantification of AuNPs within cells by ICP-AES showed that epithelial cells internalized a higher quantity of AuNPs compared to endothelial cells and that the quantity of uptake is not correlated with the amount of sodium citrate on the nanoparticles' surface.ConclusionsIn conclusion the higher amount of citrate on the particle surface resulted in a higher impairment of cell viability, but did not enhance or reduce the uptake behavior in endothelial or epithelial cells. In addition, epithelial and endothelial cells exhibited different uptake behaviors for citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles, which might be related to different interactions occurring at the nanoparticle-cell-surface interface. The different uptake in epithelial cells might explain the higher reduction of proliferation of these cells after exposure to AuNPs treatment although more detailed investigations are necessary to determine subcellular events. Nevertheless an extrinsic effect of sodium-citrate stabilized particles could not be excluded. Thus, the amount of sodium citrate should be reduced to a level on which the stability of the particles and the safety for biomedical applications are guaranteed.

Project description:Cancer ranks among the top causes of illness and death globally. Nanotechnology holds considerable promise for enhancing the effectiveness of therapeutic and diagnostic approaches in cancer treatment. Our study presents a promising strategy for applying thiocompound nanomedicine in cancer therapy. Our first study aimed to investigate the biological properties of a new compound thiodiosgenin (TDG)-a new derivative of diosgenin-a natural compound with known antioxidant and anticancer properties. Our current second study aimed to compare the therapeutic efficacy of a new diosgenin-functionalized gold nanoparticles-with its precursor on prostate cancer (DU-145) cell lines. Moreover, the safety of the new thio-derivative and new conjugates was tested against the human epithelial line PNT-2. New advanced analytical techniques were developed for the characterization of nanomaterials using methods such as SP-ICP-MS, UV-Vis, TEM, NMR, FT-IR ELS, and TGA. Our synthetic approach was based, on the one hand, on the ligand exchange of citrates to thiodiosgenin (TDG) on gold nanoparticles, and on the other hand, on the attachment of DG through an ester bond to the linker, which was 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) on gold nanoparticles. Initial in vitro studies indicate that TDG shows greater cytotoxic effects on cancer cells but poses risks to normal prostate epithelial cells (PNT-2). It was demonstrated that all the conjugates produced exhibited significant cytotoxic effects against cancer cells while being less harmful to normal prostate epithelial cells (PNT-2) compared to TDG itself. All the obtained conjugates showed antitumor properties; however, for targeted transport, the system referred to as AuNPs-MPAm1-DG is promising, due to the size of the nanoparticles of 53 nm, zeta potential of -30 mV, and loading content of 27.6%. New methods for synthesizing conjugates with diosgenin were developed and optimized for medical applications. Advanced new analytical methodologies were developed to characterize new conjugates, particularly the use of SP-ICP-MS, to solve existing differences in the shape and morphology of the surface of new conjugates.

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An insight into synthesis and antitumor activity of citrate and gallate stabilizing gold nanospheres.

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An insight into synthesis and antitumor activity of citrate and gallate stabilizing gold nanospheres.

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