Water footprint of nations amplified by scarcity in the Belt and Road Initiative.

ABSTRACT: The growing water scarcity due to international trade poses a serious threat to global sustainability. Given the intensified international trade throughout the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), this paper tracks the virtual water trade and water footprint of BRI countries in 2005-2015. By conducting a multi-model assessment, we observe a substantial increase in BRI's water footprint after taking water scarcity into account. Globally the BRI acts as a net exporter of virtual water, while the export volume experiences a decreasing trend. Noticeable transitions in nations' role (net exporters vs. net importers) are found between the BRI and global scales, but also between with and without considering water scarcity. Overall economic and population growth is major drivers of scarcity-weig

SUBMITTER: Fang K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9938497 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature