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A biocompatible and fully erodible conducting polymer enables implanted rechargeable Zn batteries.

ABSTRACT: Implanted rechargeable batteries that can provide energy over a sufficient lifetime and ultimately degrade into non-toxic byproducts are highly desirable. However, their advancement is significantly impeded by the limited toolbox of electrode materials with a known biodegradation profile and high cycling stability. Here we report biocompatible, erodible poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) grafted with hydrolyzable carboxylic acid pendants. This molecular arrangement combines the pseudocapacitive charge storage from the conjugated backbones and dissolution via hydrolyzable side chains. It demonstrates complete erosion under aqueous conditions in a pH-dependent manner with a predetermined lifetime. The compact rechargeable Zn battery with a gel electrolyte offers a specific capacity of 31.8 mA h g^-1 (57% of theoretical capacity) and outstanding cycling stability (78% capacity retention over 4000 cycles at 0.5 A g^-1). Subcutaneous implantation of this Zn battery into Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats demonstrates complete biodegradation in vivo and biocompatibility. This molecular engineering strategy presents a viable avenue for developing implantable conducting polymers with a predetermined degradation profile and high energy storage capability.

SUBMITTER: Jia X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9944696 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A biocompatible and fully erodible conducting polymer enables implanted rechargeable Zn batteries.

Jia Xiaoteng X Ma Xuenan X Zhao Li L Xin Meiying M Hao Yulei Y Sun Peng P Wang Chenguang C Chao Danming D Liu Fangmeng F Wang Caiyun C Lu Geyu G Wallace Gordon G

Chemical science 20230125 8

Implanted rechargeable batteries that can provide energy over a sufficient lifetime and ultimately degrade into non-toxic byproducts are highly desirable. However, their advancement is significantly impeded by the limited toolbox of electrode materials with a known biodegradation profile and high cycling stability. Here we report biocompatible, erodible poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) grafted with hydrolyzable carboxylic acid pendants. This molecular arrangement combines the pseudocapac ...[more]

PMID: 36845924

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Project description:Zinc (Zn)-manganese dioxide (MnO2) rechargeable batteries have attracted research interest because of high specific theoretical capacity as well as being environmentally friendly, intrinsically safe and low-cost. Liquid electrolytes, such as potassium hydroxide, are historically used in these batteries; however, many failure mechanisms of the Zn-MnO2 battery chemistry result from the use of liquid electrolytes, including the formation of electrochemically inert phases such as hetaerolite (ZnMn2O4) and the promotion of shape change of the Zn electrode. This manuscript reports on the fundamental and commercial results of gel electrolytes for use in rechargeable Zn-MnO2 batteries as an alternative to liquid electrolytes. The manuscript also reports on novel properties of the gelled electrolyte such as limiting the overdischarge of Zn anodes, which is a problem in liquid electrolyte, and finally its use in solar microgrid applications, which is a first in academic literature. Potentiostatic and galvanostatic tests with the optimized gel electrolyte showed higher capacity retention compared to the tests with the liquid electrolyte, suggesting that gel electrolyte helps reduce Mn3+ dissolution and zincate ion migration from the Zn anode, improving reversibility. Cycling tests for commercially sized prismatic cells showed the gel electrolyte had exceptional cycle life, showing 100% capacity retention for >700 cycles at 9.5 Ah and for >300 cycles at 19 Ah, while the 19 Ah prismatic cell with a liquid electrolyte showed discharge capacity degradation at 100th cycle. We also performed overdischarge protection tests, in which a commercialized prismatic cell with the gel electrolyte was discharged to 0 V and achieved stable discharge capacities, while the liquid electrolyte cell showed discharge capacity fade in the first few cycles. Finally, the gel electrolyte batteries were tested under IEC solar off-grid protocol. It was noted that the gelled Zn-MnO2 batteries outperformed the Pb-acid batteries. Additionally, a designed system nameplated at 2 kWh with a 12 V system with 72 prismatic cells was tested with the same protocol, and it has entered its third year of cycling. This suggests that Zn-MnO2 rechargeable batteries with the gel electrolyte will be an ideal candidate for solar microgrid systems and grid storage in general.

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A biocompatible and fully erodible conducting polymer enables implanted rechargeable Zn batteries.

Publications

A biocompatible and fully erodible conducting polymer enables implanted rechargeable Zn batteries.

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