The impact of hypoxia and oxidative stress on proteo-metabolomic alterations of 3D cholangiocarcinoma models.

ABSTRACT: The three-dimensional multicellular spheroid (3D MCS) model has been employed in cholangiocarcinoma research as it generates 3D architecture and includes more physiological relevance with the multicellular arrangement. However, it is also essential to explain the molecular signature in this microenvironment and its structural complexity. The results indicated that poorly differentiated CCA cell lines were unable to form 3D MCS due to the lack of cell adhesion molecules with more mesenchymal marker expression. The well-differentiated CCA and cholangiocyte cell lines were able to develop 3D MCSs with round shapes, smooth perimeter, and cell adhesion molecules that led to the hypoxic and oxidative microenvironment detected. For MMNK-1, KKU-213C, and KKU-213A MCSs, the proteo-metabolomic analy

SUBMITTER: Phukhum P 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9944917 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature