Dataset Information

Ocular Ultrasonography in Healthy Calves with Different Transducers.

ABSTRACT: Ocular ultrasonography is seldom performed in cattle. Here, we compared three ultrasound probes (linear, convex, transrectal gynecological) for the measurement of eight eye biometry parameters on vertical and horizontal scans. The sample population was 20 healthy calves (n = 10 Holstein, n = 10 Piedmontese breed). Intragroup (same probe for vertical vs. horizontal scanning) and intergroup (different probes measuring the same biometric parameter) comparisons were performed using Student's t-test and the Mann-Whitney U test. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Intragroup comparison revealed few significant differences. Ultrasound examination with the convex transducer detected more differences than either of the two other probes on vertical (linear six out of eight; transrectal gynecological four out of eight) and horizontal (linear six out of eight; transrectal gynecological six out of eight) scans. Similar results were obtained for both breeds. More non-valuable parameters on the horizontal (77 out of 320, 24%) and the vertical (85 out of 320, 26%) (p ≤ 0.001) scans were obtained with the convex transducer. Both linear transducers were found comparable for ocular ultrasonography in field conditions. However, given its widespread application in the field, the transrectal gynecological transducer may offer veterinarians the added advantage of familiarity and ease-of-use without any additional costs.

SUBMITTER: Borriello G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9952285 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Ocular Ultrasonography in Healthy Calves with Different Transducers.

Borriello Giuliano G Valentini Flaminia F Rampinelli Mauro M Ferrini Sara S Cagnotti Giulia G D'angelo Antonio A Bellino Claudio C

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 20230219 4

Ocular ultrasonography is seldom performed in cattle. Here, we compared three ultrasound probes (linear, convex, transrectal gynecological) for the measurement of eight eye biometry parameters on vertical and horizontal scans. The sample population was 20 healthy calves (n = 10 Holstein, n = 10 Piedmontese breed). Intragroup (same probe for vertical vs. horizontal scanning) and intergroup (different probes measuring the same biometric parameter) comparisons were performed using Student's <i>t</i ...[more]

PMID: 36830528

Similar Datasets

Project description:BackgroundInfectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), commonly known as pinkeye, is one of the most significant diseases of beef cattle. As such, IBK costs the US beef industry at least 150 million annually. However, strategies to prevent IBK are limited, with most cases resulting in treatment with antibiotics once the disease has developed. Longitudinal studies evaluating establishment of the ocular microbiota may identify critical risk periods for IBK outbreaks or changes in the microbiota that may predispose animals to IBK.ResultsIn an attempt to characterize the establishment and colonization patterns of the bovine ocular microbiota, we conducted a longitudinal study consisting of 227 calves and evaluated the microbiota composition over time using amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) based on 16S rRNA sequencing data and culture-based approaches. Beef calves on trial consisted of both male (intact) and females. Breeds were composed of purebred Angus and composites with varying percentages of Simmental, Angus, and Red Angus breeds. Average age at the start of the trial was 65 days ±15.02 and all calves remained nursing on their dam until weaning (day 139 of the study). The trial consisted of 139 days with four sampling time points on day 0, 21, 41, and 139. The experimental population received three different vaccination treatments (autogenous, commercial (both inactivated bacteria), and adjuvant placebo), to assess the effectiveness of different vaccines for IBK prevention. A significant change in bacterial community composition was observed across time periods sampled compared to the baseline (p < 0.001). However, no treatment effect of vaccine was detected within the ocular bacterial community. The bacterial community composition with the greatest time span between sampling time periods (98d span) was most similar to the baseline sample collected, suggesting re-establishment of the ocular microbiota to baseline levels over time after perturbation. The effect of IgA levels on the microbial community was investigated in a subset of cattle within the study. However, no significant effect of IgA was observed. Significant changes in the ocular microbiota were identified when comparing communities pre- and post-clinical signs of IBK. Additionally, dynamic changes in opportunistic pathogens Moraxella spp. were observed and confirmed using culture based methods.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the bovine ocular microbiota is well represented by opportunistic pathogens such as Moraxella and Mycoplasma. Furthermore, this study characterizes the diversity of the ocular microbiota in calves and demonstrates the plasticity of the ocular microbiota to change. Additionally, we demonstrate the ocular microbiome in calves is similar between the eyes and the perturbation of one eye results in similar changes in the other eye. We also demonstrate the bovine ocular microbiota is slow to recover post perturbation and as a result provide opportunistic pathogens a chance to establish within the eye leading to IBK and other diseases. Characterizing the dynamic nature of the ocular microbiota provides novel opportunities to develop potential probiotic intervention to reduce IBK outbreaks in cattle.

Project description:The annotation of the Affymetrix HTA 2.0 array was updated to optimise the detection of RNA in human skeletal muscle biopsy samples by removing invalid and low signal-high-variance probes (as for CDF GPL24047). The probes were then summarized into groups (probe-sets) reflecting either an ensembl full transcript identifier (FL-ENST, GPL24047) or just the probes targeting the 3' UTR or the 5' UTR of that particular ENST. Therefore, 3 different CDF were used to process the HTA 2.0 arrays in this study. Note that each CEL file was GC adjusted using APT while our custom CDF pipeline removes any probe that has >80% or <20% GC content (~50,000). The analysis was carried out only on the pairs of probe-sets i.e. FL-ENST vs 3'UTR or FL-ENST vs 5'UTR or 3'UTR vs 5'UTR. Dynamic muscle loading alters tissue phenotype reflecting altered metabolic and functional demands. In humans, heterogeneous adaptation to loading complicates identification of the underpinning molecular regulators. We present a within-person analysis strategy that reduced heterogeneity for changes in muscle mass by ~40% and employed a genome-wide transcriptome method that modeled each mRNA from coding exons and 3’/5’ untranslated (UTR) regions. Our strategy detected ~3-4 times more regulated genes than similarly sized studies, including substantial UTR-selective regulation that other methods would not detect. We discovered a core of 141 genes correlated to muscle growth validated from newly analyzed independent samples (n=100). Further validating these identified genes, via RNAi in primary muscle cells, we demonstrate that members of the core genes were regulators of protein synthesis e.g. Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity in Humans MoTrPAC. Employing proteome-constrained networks and pathway analysis revealed notable relationships with the molecular characteristics of human muscle aging and insulin sensitivity, as well as potential drug-therapies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107980

Dataset Information

Ocular Ultrasonography in Healthy Calves with Different Transducers.

Publications

Ocular Ultrasonography in Healthy Calves with Different Transducers.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets