Dataset Information

Reproducibility of Mesopic and Photopic Pupil Sizes in Myopic Children Using a Dedicated Pupillometer with Human-Assisted or Automated Reading.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to investigate the reproducibility of pupil size measurements over time and between reading methods when comparing human-assisted reading to automated reading. Pupillary data were analyzed on a subset of myopic children enrolled in a multicenter randomized clinical trial on myopia control with low-dose atropine. Pupil size measurements were obtained prior to randomization at two time points (screening and baseline visits) using a dedicated pupillometer under mesopic and photopic conditions. A customized algorithm was built to perform automated readings, allowing comparisons between human-assisted and automated readings. Reproducibility analyses followed the principles of Bland and Altman and included the calculation of the mean difference between measurements and limits of agreement (LOA). We included 43 children. Mean (standard deviation) age was 9.8 (1.7) years and 25 (58%) children were girls. Using human-assisted readings, reproducibility over time showed mesopic mean difference of 0.02 mm with LOA from -0.87 mm to 0.91 mm, whereas photopic mean difference was -0.01 mm with LOA from -0.25 mm to 0.23 mm. Reproducibility between human-assisted and automated readings was also higher under photopic conditions, with mean difference of 0.03 mm and LOA from -0.03 mm to 0.10 mm at screening and mean difference of 0.03 mm and LOA from -0.06 mm to 0.12 mm at baseline. Using a dedicated pupillometer, we found that examinations performed under photopic conditions demonstrated higher reproducibility over time and between reading methods. We speculate whether mesopic measurements are sufficiently reproducible to be monitored over time. Furthermore, photopic measurements may be of greater relevance when evaluating the side effects of atropine treatment, such as photophobia.

SUBMITTER: Hvid-Hansen A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9966540 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Reproducibility of Mesopic and Photopic Pupil Sizes in Myopic Children Using a Dedicated Pupillometer with Human-Assisted or Automated Reading.

Hvid-Hansen Anders A Bækgaard Per P Jacobsen Nina N Hjortdal Jesper J Møller Flemming F Kessel Line L

Journal of personalized medicine 20230131 2

This study aimed to investigate the reproducibility of pupil size measurements over time and between reading methods when comparing human-assisted reading to automated reading. Pupillary data were analyzed on a subset of myopic children enrolled in a multicenter randomized clinical trial on myopia control with low-dose atropine. Pupil size measurements were obtained prior to randomization at two time points (screening and baseline visits) using a dedicated pupillometer under mesopic and photopic ...[more]

PMID: 36836507

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Project description:AimTo explore the photopic pupil size behavior in myopic children undergoing overnight orthokeratology (ortho-k) over 1-year period and its effects on the axial elongation.MethodsA total of 202 Chinese myopic children were enrolled in this prospective clinical trial. Ninety-five subjects in ortho-k group and eighty-eight subjects in spectacle group completed the 1-year study. Axial length (AL) was measured before enrollment and every 6mo after the start of ortho-k. The photopic pupil diameter (PPD) was determined using the Pentacam AXL and measured in an examination room with lighting of 300-310 Lx. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify variables contribution to axial elongation.ResultsCompared with spectacle group, the average 1-year axial elongation was significantly slower in the ortho-k group (0.25±0.27 vs 0.44±0.23 mm, P<0.0001). In ortho-k group, PPDs significantly decreased from 4.21±0.62 mm to 3.94±0.53 mm after 1mo of lens wear (P=0.001, Bonferroni correction) and the change lasts for 3-month visit. No significantly change during the other follow-up visits was found (P>0.05, Bonferroni correction). The 4.81 mm PPD may be a possible cutoff point in the ortho-k group. Subjects with PPD below or equal to 4.81 mm tended to have smaller axial elongation compared to subjects with PPD above 4.81 mm after 1-year period (t=-3.09, P=0.003). In ortho-k group, univariate analyses indicated that those with older age, greater degree of myopia, longer AL, smaller baseline PPD (PPDbaseline) experienced a smaller change in AL. In multivariate analyses, older age, greater AL and smaller PPDbaseline were associated with smaller increases in AL. In spectacle group, PPD tended to be stable (P>0.05, Bonferroni correction) and did not affect axial growth.ConclusionPPDs experience significantly decreases at 1-month and 3-month ortho-k treatment. Children with smaller PPD tend to experience slower axial elongation and may benefit more from ortho-k.

Project description:Peripheral inflammatory markers (PIMs), such as C-reactive protein (CRP) or white blood cell count (WBC), have been associated with depression severity in meta-analyses and large cohort studies. However, in typically-sized psychoimmunology studies (N < 200) that explore associations between PIMs and neurobiological/psychosocial constructs related to depression and studies that examine less-studied PIMs (e.g., interferon gamma), significant concerns about reproducibility of results exist. For the well-characterized association between PIMs (CRP/WBC) and depression severity, we examined statistical errors as a function of sample size in a large community cohort (n = 24,550). We further assessed how statistical errors varied as related to analytic decisions (e.g., number of covariates) and characteristics related to study design (e.g., relationships within subgroups of patients). Only large samples (e.g., n = 1000 to n = 10,000) were sufficiently powered to detect PIM-depression associations and minimized overestimation of effect sizes (e.g., effect size inflation), and greater sample sizes were required as more covariates were included in analytic models. Moderately sized samples (n > 500) generally ensured the correct directionality of effect sizes (e.g., low rates of sign reversal). Sample sizes required for 80% power also varied widely depending on study design characteristics (e.g., N = 350 to N = 10,000+). Typically-sized psychoimmunology studies examining PIM-depression associations (N < 200) are likely underpowered and at high risk of overestimation of effect sizes. Study design characteristics also notably influence power and statistical error rates. Use of large sample sizes (e.g., N > 7000) and consideration of analytic decisions (e.g., number/choice of covariates) will maximize reproducibility of psychoimmunology studies related to depression to enhance development of treatments for depression or to help understand pathophysiological mechanisms of depression.

Dataset Information

Reproducibility of Mesopic and Photopic Pupil Sizes in Myopic Children Using a Dedicated Pupillometer with Human-Assisted or Automated Reading.

Publications

Reproducibility of Mesopic and Photopic Pupil Sizes in Myopic Children Using a Dedicated Pupillometer with Human-Assisted or Automated Reading.

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