Dataset Information

Post-COVID Parosmia in Women May be Associated with Low Estradiol Levels.

ABSTRACT: We aimed to investigate the effects of female gender hormones on post-COVID parosmia in females. Twenty-three female patients aged 18-45 who had COVID-19 disease in the last 12 months were included in the study. Estradiol (E2), prolactin (PRL), luteotrophic hormone (LH), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) values were measured in the blood of all participants and a parosmia questionnaire was applied for the subjective evaluation of olfactory function. Values between 4 and 16 were obtained as parosmia score (PS), and the lowest PS showed the most severe complaint. The mean age of the patients was 31 (18-45). According to the PS, patients with a score of 10 or less were classified as Group 1, and patients above 10 were considered Group 2. The age difference between Groups 1 and 2 was statistically significant and younger patients were found to have more complaints of parosmia (25 and 34, respectively, p-value 0.014). It was found that patients with severe parosmia had lower E2 values and there was a statistically significant difference (p-value 0.042) between groups 1 and 2 in terms of E2 values (34 ng/L and 59 ng/L, respectively). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of PRL, LH, FSH, TSH levels, or FSH/LH ratio. It may be recommended to measure E2 values in female patients whose parosmia continues after COVID-19 infection.

Supplementary information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12070-023-03612-9.

SUBMITTER: Tuna B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9979120 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Post-COVID Parosmia in Women May be Associated with Low Estradiol Levels.

Tuna Bilge B Tuna Volkan V

Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India 20230302 Suppl 1

We aimed to investigate the effects of female gender hormones on post-COVID parosmia in females. Twenty-three female patients aged 18-45 who had COVID-19 disease in the last 12 months were included in the study. Estradiol (E2), prolactin (PRL), luteotrophic hormone (LH), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) values were measured in the blood of all participants and a parosmia questionnaire was applied for the subjective evaluation of olfactory function. Valu ...[more]

PMID: 37200898

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Project description:ObjectiveTo identify factors associated with serum estradiol (E2) levels among healthy postmenopausal women using hormone therapy (HT).MethodsThis is an unplanned post hoc analysis of data from ELITE (Early versus Late Intervention Trial with Estradiol), a randomized controlled trial of 1 mg oral E2 with or without vaginal progesterone in healthy early compared with late (<6 years compared with 10 or more years since menopause) postmenopausal women. We included results from visits when women reported at least 80% compliance with HT. Mixed-effects linear models identified factors associated with serum E2 levels while participants were taking HT, assessed every 6 months over a median follow-up of 4.8 years and adjusted for baseline E2 level, visit, and reduced E2 dose. Possible correlates evaluated included demographics, clinical characteristics, medication use, and biomarkers of liver and kidney metabolic function.ResultsThe analysis included 2,160 E2 measurements in 275 postmenopausal women. Mean±SD age was 55.4±3.9 vs 64.4±5.5 years, and mean±SD time since menopause was 3.6±1.8 vs 16.0±5.6 years for early vs late postmenopausal women. Adjusted for pretreatment E2 level, visit, and reduced dose indicator, higher serum E2 levels were associated with higher body mass index (BMI), higher weight, surgical menopause, alcohol use, and antihypertensive medication use. Current and past smoking and antifungal medication use were associated with lower serum E2 levels. In the multivariable model, higher BMI and alcohol use were associated with higher serum E2 levels, whereas current and past smoking were associated with lower serum E2 levels. These factors were similar between early and late postmenopausal women.ConclusionFactors associated with serum E2 levels among postmenopausal women taking HT include BMI, alcohol use, and smoking. As serum E2 levels relate to HT effect, achievement of desirable E2 levels may be maximized through personalized intervention.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00114517.

Project description:Background and Purpose- Although exogenous hormone therapy (HT) use has been associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke in postmenopausal women, it remains unknown whether sex hormone levels contribute to ischemic stroke risk. We aimed to estimate associations between plasma sex hormone levels and ischemic stroke risk, by HT status, in a nested case-control study of postmenopausal women from the NHS (Nurses' Health Study). Methods- Women with confirmed incident ischemic stroke (n=419) were matched with controls (n=419) by age, HT use, and other factors. Plasma estradiol and testosterone levels were measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry; SHBG (sex hormone-binding globulin) was assayed by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Associations of total and free estradiol and testosterone, the estradiol/testosterone ratio, and SHBG with ischemic stroke were estimated using conditional logistic regressions stratified by HT status with adjustment for matching and cardiovascular risk factors. Results- Current HT users had different hormone profiles from never/past users. No clear linear trends were observed between estradiol (total or free) levels or the estradiol/testosterone ratio and ischemic stroke risk among either current users (Ptrend>0.1) or never/past users (Ptrend>0.6). For both current and never/past users, the associations between some of the sex hormones and ischemic stroke differed by body mass index categories (Pinteraction≤0.04). For women with a body mass index <25 kg/m2, a higher estradiol/testosterone ratio was associated with significantly elevated ischemic stroke risk among current users (Ptrend=0.01), and higher levels of total and free estradiol were significantly associated with higher ischemic stroke risk among never/past users (Ptrend≤0.04). Testosterone and SHBG were not associated with ischemic stroke in either current or never/past users. Conclusions- Our findings do not support a role of sex hormone levels in mediating ischemic stroke risk among postmenopausal women. Replications in additional larger studies are required.

Dataset Information

Post-COVID Parosmia in Women May be Associated with Low Estradiol Levels.

Supplementary information

Publications

Post-COVID Parosmia in Women May be Associated with Low Estradiol Levels.

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