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A latent clinical-anatomical dimension relating metabolic syndrome to brain structure and cognition.

ABSTRACT: The link between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and neurodegenerative as well cerebrovascular conditions holds substantial implications for brain health in at-risk populations. This study elucidates the complex relationship between MetS and brain health by conducting a comprehensive examination of cardiometabolic risk factors, cortical morphology, and cognitive function in 40,087 individuals. Multivariate, data-driven statistics identified a latent dimension linking more severe MetS to widespread brain morphological abnormalities, accounting for up to 71% of shared variance in the data. This dimension was replicable across sub-samples. In a mediation analysis we could demonstrate that MetS-related brain morphological abnormalities mediated the link between MetS severity and cognitive performance in multiple domains. Employing imaging transcriptomics and connectomics, our results also suggest that MetS-related morphological abnormalities are linked to the regional cellular composition and macroscopic brain network organization. By leveraging extensive, multi-domain data combined with a dimensional stratification approach, our analysis provides profound insights into the association of MetS and brain health. These findings can inform effective therapeutic and risk mitigation strategies aimed at maintaining brain integrity.

SUBMITTER: Petersen M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9980040 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A latent clinical-anatomical dimension relating metabolic syndrome to brain structure and cognition.

Petersen Marvin M Hoffstaedter Felix F Nägele Felix L FL Mayer Carola C Schell Maximilian M Rimmele D Leander DL Zyriax Birgit-Christiane BC Zeller Tanja T Kühn Simone S Gallinat Jürgen J Fiehler Jens J Twerenbold Raphael R Omidvarnia Amir A Patil Kaustubh R KR Eickhoff Simon B SB Thomalla Götz G Cheng Bastian B

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 20231223

The link between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and neurodegenerative as well cerebrovascular conditions holds substantial implications for brain health in at-risk populations. This study elucidates the complex relationship between MetS and brain health by conducting a comprehensive examination of cardiometabolic risk factors, cortical morphology, and cognitive function in 40,087 individuals. Multivariate, data-driven statistics identified a latent dimension linking more severe MetS to widespread bra ...[more]

PMID: 36865285

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Project description:Introduction: Cognitive neuroscience explores the mechanisms of cognition by studying its structural and functional brain correlates. Many studies have combined structural and functional neuroimaging techniques to uncover the complex relationship between them. In this study, we report the first systematic review that assesses how information from structural and functional neuroimaging methods can be integrated to investigate the brain substrates of cognition. Procedure: Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for studies of healthy young adult populations that collected cognitive data and structural and functional neuroimaging data. Results: Five percent of screened studies met all inclusion criteria. Next, 50% of included studies related cognitive performance to brain structure and function without quantitative analysis of the relationship. Finally, 31% of studies formally integrated structural and functional brain data. Overall, many studies consider either structural or functional neural correlates of cognition, and of those that consider both, they have rarely been integrated. We identified four emergent approaches to the characterization of the relationship between brain structure, function, and cognition; comparative, predictive, fusion, and complementary. Discussion: We discuss the insights provided in each approach about the relationship between brain structure and function and how it impacts cognitive performance. In addition, we discuss how authors can select approaches to suit their research questions. Impact statement The relationship between structural and functional brain networks and their relationship to cognition is a matter of current investigations. This work surveys how researchers have studied the relationship between brain structure and function and its impact on cognitive function in healthy adult populations. We review four emergent approaches of quantitative analysis of this multivariate problem; comparative, predictive, fusion, and complementary. We explain the characteristics of each approach, discuss the insights provided in each approach, and how authors can combine approaches to suit their research questions.

Project description:BackgroundNeuropsychological deficits are a core feature of established psychosis and have been previously linked to fronto-temporo-limbic brain alterations. Both neurocognitive and neuroanatomical abnormalities characterize clinical at-risk mental states (ARMS) for psychosis. However, structure-cognition relationships in the ARMS have not been directly explored using multivariate neuroimaging techniques.MethodsVoxel-based morphometry and partial least squares were employed to study system-level covariance patterns between whole-brain morphological data and processing speed, working memory, verbal learning/IQ, and executive functions in 40 ARMS subjects and 30 healthy controls (HC). The detected structure-cognition covariance patterns were tested for significance and reliability using non-parametric permutation and bootstrap resampling.ResultsWe identified ARMS-specific covariance patterns that described a generalized association of neurocognitive measures with predominantly prefronto-temporo-limbic and subcortical structures as well as the interconnecting white matter. In the conversion group, this generalized profile particularly involved working memory and verbal IQ and was positively correlated with limbic, insular and subcortical volumes as well as negatively related to prefrontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital cortices. Conversely, the neurocognitive profiles in the HC group were confined to working memory, learning and IQ, which were diffusely associated with cortical and subcortical brain regions.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the ARMS and prodromal phase of psychosis are characterized by a convergent mapping from multi-domain neurocognitive measures to a set of prefronto-temporo-limbic and subcortical structures. Furthermore, a neuroanatomical separation between positive and negative brain-cognition correlations may not only point to a biological process determining the clinical risk for disease transition, but also to possible compensatory or dysmaturational neural processes.

Project description:Human musicality might have co-evolved with social cognition abilities, but common neuroanatomical substrates remain largely unclear. In behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, social cognitive abilities are profoundly impaired, whereas these are typically spared in Alzheimer's disease. If musicality indeed shares a neuroanatomical basis with social cognition, it could be hypothesized that clinical and neuroanatomical associations of musicality and social cognition should differ between these causes of dementia. We recruited 73 participants from the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort (n = 30 female; aged 50-78), of whom 23 had behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, 22 Alzheimer's disease and 28 were healthy controls. Musicality was assessed using a music-emotion recognition test, melody, tempo, accent and tuning subscores, a musicality summed score, the identification of auditory hedonic phenotypes and music emotion induction using skin conductance responses. Social cognition was assessed across multiple levels, including emotion recognition, theory of mind, socio-emotional sensitivity and understanding of social norms. We used ANCOVA to investigate subgroup differences in musicality and social cognition and linear regressions to investigate associations between musicality and social cognition. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, musical training and mini mental state examination. Finally, we performed voxel-based morphometry analyses on T1-weighted MRI to study whether regions for musicality and social cognition overlapped anatomically. We found that patients with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia performed worse on music-emotion recognition (all P < 0.001) and tempo recognition (all P < 0.05) compared with Alzheimer's disease and on musicality summed score (all P = 0.02) compared to controls only. Furthermore, patients with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia had lower mean skin conductance responses during emotion-inducing music, compared to Alzheimer's disease (all P < 0.045). Worse music emotion recognition scores were associated with worse facial emotion recognition (P < 0.0001), worse theory of mind (P = 0.0005) and worse understanding of social norms (P = 0.01). Melody and tempo recognition were associated with facial emotion recognition and theory of mind, and accent recognition was associated with the theory of mind. Music emotion recognition and tempo recognition were also associated with executive functions. Worse music emotion recognition, melody recognition, tempo recognition, facial emotion recognition and theory of mind scores were all related to atrophy in the anterior temporal regions and the fusiform gyri, which play a role in multisensory integration, and worse tempo recognition was associated with atrophy of the anterior cingulate cortex. These results support the idea that musicality and social cognition may share a neurobiological basis, which may be vulnerable in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia.

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A latent clinical-anatomical dimension relating metabolic syndrome to brain structure and cognition.

Publications

A latent clinical-anatomical dimension relating metabolic syndrome to brain structure and cognition.

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