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Ancient DNA from Mesopotamia suggests distinct Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic migrations into Anatolia.

ABSTRACT: We present the first ancient DNA data from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of Mesopotamia (Southeastern Turkey and Northern Iraq), Cyprus, and the Northwestern Zagros, along with the first data from Neolithic Armenia. We show that these and neighboring populations were formed through admixture of pre-Neolithic sources related to Anatolian, Caucasus, and Levantine hunter-gatherers, forming a Neolithic continuum of ancestry mirroring the geography of West Asia. By analyzing Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic populations of Anatolia, we show that the former were derived from admixture between Mesopotamian-related and local Epipaleolithic-related sources, but the latter experienced additional Levantine-related gene flow, thus documenting at least two pulses of migration from the Fertile Crescent heartland to the early farmers of Anatolia.

SUBMITTER: Lazaridis I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9983685 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Ancient DNA from Mesopotamia suggests distinct Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic migrations into Anatolia.

Lazaridis Iosif I Alpaslan-Roodenberg Songül S Acar Ayşe A Açıkkol Ayşen A Agelarakis Anagnostis A Aghikyan Levon L Akyüz Uğur U Andreeva Desislava D Andrijašević Gojko G Antonović Dragana D Armit Ian I Atmaca Alper A Avetisyan Pavel P Aytek Ahmet İhsan Aİ Bacvarov Krum K Badalyan Ruben R Bakardzhiev Stefan S Balen Jacqueline J Bejko Lorenc L Bernardos Rebecca R Bertsatos Andreas A Biber Hanifi H Bilir Ahmet A Bodružić Mario M Bonogofsky Michelle M Bonsall Clive C Borić Dušan D Borovinić Nikola N Bravo Morante Guillermo G Buttinger Katharina K Callan Kim K Candilio Francesca F Carić Mario M Cheronet Olivia O Chohadzhiev Stefan S Chovalopoulou Maria-Eleni ME Chryssoulaki Stella S Ciobanu Ion I Čondić Natalija N Constantinescu Mihai M Cristiani Emanuela E Culleton Brendan J BJ Curtis Elizabeth E Davis Jack J Demcenco Tatiana I TI Dergachev Valentin V Derin Zafer Z Deskaj Sylvia S Devejyan Seda S Djordjević Vojislav V Duffett Carlson Kellie Sara KS Eccles Laurie R LR Elenski Nedko N Engin Atilla A Erdoğan Nihat N Erir-Pazarcı Sabiha S Fernandes Daniel M DM Ferry Matthew M Freilich Suzanne S Frînculeasa Alin A Galaty Michael L ML Gamarra Beatriz B Gasparyan Boris B Gaydarska Bisserka B Genç Elif E Gültekin Timur T Gündüz Serkan S Hajdu Tamás T Heyd Volker V Hobosyan Suren S Hovhannisyan Nelli N Iliev Iliya I Iliev Lora L Iliev Stanislav S İvgin İlkay İ Janković Ivor I Jovanova Lence L Karkanas Panagiotis P Kavaz-Kındığılı Berna B Kaya Esra Hilal EH Keating Denise D Kennett Douglas J DJ Deniz Kesici Seda S Khudaverdyan Anahit A Kiss Krisztián K Kılıç Sinan S Klostermann Paul P Kostak Boca Negra Valdes Sinem S Kovačević Saša S Krenz-Niedbała Marta M Krznarić Škrivanko Maja M Kurti Rovena R Kuzman Pasko P Lawson Ann Marie AM Lazar Catalin C Leshtakov Krassimir K Levy Thomas E TE Liritzis Ioannis I Lorentz Kirsi O KO Łukasik Sylwia S Mah Matthew M Mallick Swapan S Mandl Kirsten K Martirosyan-Olshansky Kristine K Matthews Roger R Matthews Wendy W McSweeney Kathleen K Melikyan Varduhi V Micco Adam A Michel Megan M Milašinović Lidija L Mittnik Alissa A Monge Janet M JM Nekhrizov Georgi G Nicholls Rebecca R Nikitin Alexey G AG Nikolov Vassil V Novak Mario M Olalde Iñigo I Oppenheimer Jonas J Osterholtz Anna A Özdemir Celal C Özdoğan Kadir Toykan KT Öztürk Nurettin N Papadimitriou Nikos N Papakonstantinou Niki N Papathanasiou Anastasia A Paraman Lujana L Paskary Evgeny G EG Patterson Nick N Petrakiev Ilian I Petrosyan Levon L Petrova Vanya V Philippa-Touchais Anna A Piliposyan Ashot A Pocuca Kuzman Nada N Potrebica Hrvoje H Preda-Bălănică Bianca B Premužić Zrinka Z Price T Douglas TD Qiu Lijun L Radović Siniša S Raeuf Aziz Kamal K Rajić Šikanjić Petra P Rasheed Raheem Kamal K Razumov Sergei S Richardson Amy A Roodenberg Jacob J Ruka Rudenc R Russeva Victoria V Şahin Mustafa M Şarbak Ayşegül A Savaş Emre E Schattke Constanze C Schepartz Lynne L Selçuk Tayfun T Sevim-Erol Ayla A Shamoon-Pour Michel M Shephard Henry M HM Sideris Athanasios A Simalcsik Angela A Simonyan Hakob H Sinika Vitalij V Sirak Kendra K Sirbu Ghenadie G Šlaus Mario M Soficaru Andrei A Söğüt Bilal B Sołtysiak Arkadiusz A Sönmez-Sözer Çilem Ç Stathi Maria M Steskal Martin M Stewardson Kristin K Stocker Sharon S Suata-Alpaslan Fadime F Suvorov Alexander A Szécsényi-Nagy Anna A Szeniczey Tamás T Telnov Nikolai N Temov Strahil S Todorova Nadezhda N Tota Ulsi U Touchais Gilles G Triantaphyllou Sevi S Türker Atila A Ugarković Marina M Valchev Todor T Veljanovska Fanica F Videvski Zlatko Z Virag Cristian C Wagner Anna A Walsh Sam S Włodarczak Piotr P Workman J Noah JN Yardumian Aram A Yarovoy Evgenii E Yavuz Alper Yener AY Yılmaz Hakan H Zalzala Fatma F Zettl Anna A Zhang Zhao Z Çavuşoğlu Rafet R Rohland Nadin N Pinhasi Ron R Reich David D Davtyan Ruben R

Science (New York, N.Y.) 20220825 6609

We present the first ancient DNA data from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of Mesopotamia (Southeastern Turkey and Northern Iraq), Cyprus, and the Northwestern Zagros, along with the first data from Neolithic Armenia. We show that these and neighboring populations were formed through admixture of pre-Neolithic sources related to Anatolian, Caucasus, and Levantine hunter-gatherers, forming a Neolithic continuum of ancestry mirroring the geography of West Asia. By analyzing Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neoli ...[more]

PMID: 36007054

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Project description:The research of the Kaizer Hill site (the Hilltop and its Terraces), recognized as a Pre Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) quarry site, involved studies of the rock damage associated with the quarrying activities as well as of the recovered material remains, mostly chipped stone artifacts. We present here the results of our on-site explorations (excavations, surveys and surface-collections), focusing on the findings deriving from the Terraces. Diverse rock damage patterns were identified and described, portraying systematic rock mass-exploitation through quarrying fronts, natural rock joints and fissures enlargement, drilling and chiseling. There are multiple indications that the local bedrock (Bi'na Formation, Turonian) comprising flint and limestone was quarried under a systematic quality evaluation, leaving residual flint unsuitable for exploitation. Of interest to note that nearly all of the flint artifacts excavated and collected on the Terraces were made on raw material transported from the Hilltop (Mishash Formation, Campanian), knapped in-situ, on the quarried rock surfaces of the slopes. The flint tools bear witness to intensive use involving mainly boring and drilling. The dominant tool type is the flint axe for which a variety of waste products related to its production were found in-situ, enabling the reconstruction of axe reduction sequence. Similar axes and waste products were found in many PPN sites indicating that there was a common, widely-used scheme of making flint axes during the PPN. Interestingly, besides the flint waste, there were also limestone waste products typical of the last shaping and thinning stages of axe production, indicating that limestone axes were shaped technologically similar to the flint ones, contrary to what has been assumed before. Rare findings, such as obsidian pieces, originating from much further a-field indicate ties with other PPN communities, near and/or far. Overall, this study provides unique and novel insights on Levantine PPN lifeways.

Dataset Information

Ancient DNA from Mesopotamia suggests distinct Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic migrations into Anatolia.

Publications

Ancient DNA from Mesopotamia suggests distinct Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic migrations into Anatolia.

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