Experimental bacterial dysbiosis with consequent immune alterations increase intrarectal SIV acquisition susceptibility.

ABSTRACT: Variations in the composition of the intestinal bacterial microbiome correlate with acquisition of some sexually transmitted pathogens. To experimentally assess the contribution of intestinal dysbiosis to rectal lentiviral acquisition, we induce dysbiosis in rhesus macaques (RMs) with the antibiotic vancomycin prior to repeated low-dose intrarectal challenge with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) SIVmac239X. Vancomycin administration reduces T helper 17 (T_H17) and T_H22 frequencies, increases expression of host bacterial sensors and antibacterial peptides, and increases numbers of transmitted-founder (T/F) variants detected upon SIV acquisition. We observe that SIV acquisition does not correlate with measures of dysbiosis but rather associates with perturbations in t

SUBMITTER: Ortiz AM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9989505 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature