Dietary sodium estimation methods: accuracy and limitations of old and new methods in individuals at high cardiovascular risk.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

Accurate and easy to use methods for dietary Na intake estimation in population level are lacking. We aimed at (i) estimating the mean Na intake in the group level using a variety of dietary methods (DM) and urinary methods (UM) and correlating them with 24-h urine collection (24UCol) and (ii) improving the accuracy of the existing DM.

Design

The most common DM (three 24-h dietary recalls (24DR) and FFQ) and UM (24UCol and spot urine collection using common equations) were applied. To improve the existing: (i) 24DR, discretionary Na was quantified using salt-related questions or adding extra 15 % in total Na intake and (ii) FFQ, food items rich in Na and salt-related questions were added in the standard questionnaire (NaFFQ).

Setting

National and Kapodistria

SUBMITTER: Tsirimiagkou C 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9991764 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature