Hyponatremia Demystified: Integrating Physiology to Shape Clinical Practice.

ABSTRACT: Hyponatremia is one of the most common problems encountered in clinical practice and one of the least-understood because accurate diagnosis and management require some familiarity with water homeostasis physiology, making the topic seemingly complex. The prevalence of hyponatremia depends on the nature of the population studied and the criteria used to define it. Hyponatremia is associated with poor outcomes including increased mortality and morbidity. The pathogenesis of hypotonic hyponatremia involves the accumulation of electrolyte-free water caused by either increased intake and/or decrease in kidney excretion. Plasma osmolality, urine osmolality, and urine sodium can help to differentiate among the different etiologies. Brain adaptation to plasma hypotonicity consisting of solute extr

SUBMITTER: Workeneh BT 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9993811 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature