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Construction of a genome-length cDNA clone for human astrovirus serotype 1 and synthesis of infectious RNA transcripts.

ABSTRACT: We have constructed a genome-length cDNA clone for human astrovirus serotype 1. When a human colon cancer-derived cell line, CaCo-2, is transfected with RNA transcribed in vitro from this cDNA clone, infectious virus is produced at titers close to those observed after infection with intact astrovirus. A rodent cell line, BHK, which is largely refractory to astrovirus infection, was found to support efficient growth of the virus if transfected with viral RNA. The high transfection efficiency seen in the BHK cells allows studies of the viral replication in the transfected cells and thus should prove useful for the characterization of noninfectious astroviral mutants.

SUBMITTER: Geigenmuller U

PROVIDER: S-EPMC191237 | biostudies-other | 1997 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Construction of a genome-length cDNA clone for human astrovirus serotype 1 and synthesis of infectious RNA transcripts.

Geigenmüller U U Ginzton N H NH Matsui S M SM

Journal of virology 19970201 2

We have constructed a genome-length cDNA clone for human astrovirus serotype 1. When a human colon cancer-derived cell line, CaCo-2, is transfected with RNA transcribed in vitro from this cDNA clone, infectious virus is produced at titers close to those observed after infection with intact astrovirus. A rodent cell line, BHK, which is largely refractory to astrovirus infection, was found to support efficient growth of the virus if transfected with viral RNA. The high transfection efficiency seen ...[more]

PMID: 8995706

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Project description:Historically part of the coronavirus (CoV) family, torovirus (ToV) was recently classified in the new family Tobaniviridae. While reverse genetics systems have been established for various CoVs, none exist for ToVs. Here, we developed a reverse genetics system using an infectious full-length cDNA clone of bovine ToV (BToV) in a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC). Recombinant BToV harboring genetic markers had the same phenotype as wild-type (wt) BToV. To generate two types of recombinant virus, the hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) gene was edited, as cell-adapted wtBToV generally loses full-length HE (HEf), resulting in soluble HE (HEs). First, recombinant viruses with HEf and hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged HEf or HEs genes were rescued. These exhibited no significant differences in their effect on virus growth in HRT18 cells, suggesting that HE is not essential for viral replication in these cells. Thereafter, we generated a recombinant virus (rEGFP) wherein HE was replaced by the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene. rEGFP expressed EGFP in infected cells but showed significantly lower levels of viral growth than wtBToV. Moreover, rEGFP readily deleted the EGFP gene after one passage. Interestingly, rEGFP variants with two mutations (C1442F and I3562T) in nonstructural proteins (NSPs) that emerged during passage exhibited improved EGFP expression, EGFP gene retention, and viral replication. An rEGFP into which both mutations were introduced displayed a phenotype similar to that of these variants, suggesting that the mutations contributed to EGFP gene acceptance. The current findings provide new insights into BToV, and reverse genetics will help advance the current understanding of this neglected pathogen. IMPORTANCE ToVs are diarrhea-causing pathogens detected in various species, including humans. Through the development of a BAC-based BToV, we introduced the first reverse genetics system for Tobaniviridae. Utilizing this system, recombinant BToVs with a full-length HE gene were generated. Remarkably, although clinical BToVs generally lose the HE gene after a few passages, some recombinant viruses generated in the current study retained the HE gene for up to 20 passages while accumulating mutations in NSPs, which suggested that these mutations may be involved in HE gene retention. The EGFP gene of recombinant viruses was unstable, but rEGFP into which two NSP mutations were introduced exhibited improved EGFP expression, gene retention, and viral replication. These data suggested the existence of an NSP-based acceptance or retention mechanism for exogenous RNA or HE genes. Recombinant BToVs and reverse genetics are powerful tools for understanding fundamental viral processes, pathogenesis, and BToV vaccine development.

Dataset Information

Construction of a genome-length cDNA clone for human astrovirus serotype 1 and synthesis of infectious RNA transcripts.

Publications

Construction of a genome-length cDNA clone for human astrovirus serotype 1 and synthesis of infectious RNA transcripts.

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