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Long-lasting context dependence constrains neural encoding models in rodent auditory cortex.

ABSTRACT: Acoustic processing requires integration over time. We have used in vivo intracellular recording to measure neuronal integration times in anesthetized rats. Using natural sounds and other stimuli, we found that synaptic inputs to auditory cortical neurons showed a rather long context dependence, up to > or =4 s (tau approximately 1 s), even though sound-evoked excitatory and inhibitory conductances per se rarely lasted greater, similar 100 ms. Thalamic neurons showed only a much faster form of adaptation with a decay constant tau <100 ms, indicating that the long-lasting form originated from presynaptic mechanisms in the cortex, such as synaptic depression. Restricting knowledge of the stimulus history to only a few hundred milliseconds reduced the predictable response component to about half that of the optimal infinite-history model. Our results demonstrate the importance of long-range temporal effects in auditory cortex and suggest a potential neural substrate for auditory processing that requires integration over timescales of seconds or longer, such as stream segregation.

SUBMITTER: Asari H 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2777827 | biostudies-other | 2009 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Discovery of a novel anti-osteoporotic agent from marine fungus-derived structurally diverse sirenins.

Cai Jian J   Gao Li L   Wang Yue Y   Zheng Yuanteng Y   Lin Xiuling X   Zhou Pingzheng P   Chen Chunmei C   Liu Kechun K   Tang Lan L   Liu Yonghong Y   Tan Yanhui Y   Jin Meng M   Zhou Xuefeng X  

European journal of medicinal chemistry 20231219

Thirteen new sirenin derivatives named eupenicisirenins C-O (1-13), along with a biosynthetically related known one (14), were isolated from the mangrove sediment-derived fungus Penicillium sp. SCSIO 41410. The structures, which possessed a rare cyclopropane moiety, were confirmed by extensive analyses of the spectroscopic data, quantum chemical calculations, and X-ray diffraction. Among them, eupenicisirenin C (1) exhibited the strongest NF-κB inhibitory activities, as well as suppressing effec  ...[more]