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Evaluation of PD 404,182 as an anti-HIV and anti-herpes simplex virus microbicide.


ABSTRACT: PD 404,182 (PD) is a synthetic compound that was found to compromise HIV integrity via interaction with a nonenvelope protein viral structural component (A. M. Chamoun et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 56:672-681, 2012). The present study evaluates the potential of PD as an anti-HIV microbicide and establishes PD's virucidal activity toward another pathogen, herpes simplex virus (HSV). We show that the anti-HIV-1 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of PD, when diluted in seminal plasma, is ?1 ?M, similar to the IC50 determined in cell culture growth medium, and that PD retains full anti-HIV-1 activity after incubation in cervical fluid at 37°C for at least 24 h. In addition, PD is nontoxic toward vaginal commensal Lactobacillus species (50% cytotoxic concentration [CC50], >300 ?M), freshly activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (CC50, ?200 ?M), and primary CD4(+) T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells (CC50, >300 ?M). PD also exhibited high stability in pH-adjusted Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline with little to no activity loss after 8 weeks at pH 4 and 42°C, indicating suitability for formulation for transportation and storage in developing countries. Finally, for the first time, we show that PD inactivates herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 at submicromolar concentrations. Due to the prevalence of HSV infection, the ability of PD to inactivate HSV may provide an additional incentive for use as a microbicide. The ability of PD to inactivate both HIV-1 and HSV, combined with its low toxicity and high stability, warrants additional studies for the evaluation of PD's microbicidal candidacy in animals and humans.

SUBMITTER: Chamoun-Emanuelli AM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3910842 | biostudies-other | 2014

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Evaluation of PD 404,182 as an anti-HIV and anti-herpes simplex virus microbicide.

Chamoun-Emanuelli Ana M AM   Bobardt Michael M   Moncla Bernard B   Mankowski Marie K MK   Ptak Roger G RG   Gallay Philippe P   Chen Zhilei Z  

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 20131111 2


PD 404,182 (PD) is a synthetic compound that was found to compromise HIV integrity via interaction with a nonenvelope protein viral structural component (A. M. Chamoun et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 56:672-681, 2012). The present study evaluates the potential of PD as an anti-HIV microbicide and establishes PD's virucidal activity toward another pathogen, herpes simplex virus (HSV). We show that the anti-HIV-1 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of PD, when diluted in seminal plasma, is ∼  ...[more]

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