Huge saphenous vein graft aneurysm presenting as non-ST elevation myocardial infarction and compressing the heart.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5067452 | BioStudies |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies
Similar Datasets
Project description:Long saphenous vein is the most common conduit utilized for surgical coronary revascularization. Ultrasound-assisted vein assessment is superior to traditional clinical examination of the long saphenous vein in discerning path and suitability for use as a conduit. Preoperative ultrasound mapping of the long saphenous vein is easy and rapidly accomplished allowing optimal surgical site selection, avoiding unnecessary surgical dissection and potential wound complications. We describe the technique of ultrasound mapping of the long saphenous vein and its application to conduit harvest in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.
| S-EPMC3653490 | BioStudies
Project description:The saphenous vein is the most common conduit used in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) yet its failure rate is higher compared to arterial grafts. An improvement in saphenous vein graft performance is therefore a major priority in CABG. No-touch harvesting of the saphenous vein is one of the few interventions that has shown improved patency rates, comparable to that of the left internal thoracic artery. After more than two decades of no-touch research, this technique is now recognized as a Class IIa recommendation in the 2018 European Society of Cardiology and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery guidelines on myocardial revascularization. In this review, we describe the structural alterations that occur in conventional versus no-touch saphenous vein grafts and how these changes affect graft patency. In addition, we discuss various strategies aimed at repairing saphenous vein grafts prepared at conventional CABG.
| S-EPMC7089755 | BioStudies
Project description:Background?:Mycotic aneurysms of coronary vein grafts are rare and associated with high mortality. They are most commonly a result of surgical or percutaneous intervention, and present with complications including myocardial infarction (MI), infective endocarditis. A recent literature review identified 97 cases of mycotic coronary aneurysms in total. Case summary:A 49-year-old man with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting and septic arthrithis presented with chest pain and fevers and ST elevation on electrocardiogram. Urgent angiogram showed an aneurysmal saphenous vein graft from the PL branch to PDA-no acute intervention was performed due to concern about bacteraemia. Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus was grown in urine and blood but no focus of infection was identified. Despite treatment with antibiotics and antiplatelets, the patient returned with evidence of expansion of the SVG aneurysm requiring surgical resection. Discussion?:This case highlights the difficulty in treating acute coronary syndromes involving mycotic aneurysms. Multimodal imaging approaches are useful to identify suspected infection, but false negatives occur. Due to high risk of rupture or haemorrhage, there are limited options for urgent reperfusion in cases of MI with mycotic aneurysm, demonstrating the need for an individualized approach and close follow-up.
| S-EPMC7180533 | BioStudies
Project description:Poor long-term patency of vein grafts remains an obstacle in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery using an autologous saphenous vein graft. Recent studies have revealed that miR-126-3p promotes vascular integrity and angiogenesis. We aimed to identify the role of miR-126-3p in the setting of vein graft disease and investigate the value of miR-126-3p agomir as a future gene therapy in vein graft failure. Expression analysis of circulating miR-126-3p in plasma from CABG patients established the basic clues that miR-126-3p participates in CABG. The in vitro results indicated that elevated miR-126-3p expression significantly improved proliferation and migration in human saphenous vein endothelial cells (HSVECs) by targeting sprouty-related protein-1 (SPRED-1) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 (PIK3R2), but not in human saphenous vein smooth muscle cells (HSVSMCs). Moreover, the therapeutic potential of miR-126-3p agomir was demonstrated in cultured human saphenous vein (HSV) ex vivo. Finally, local delivery of miR-126-3p agomir was confirmed to enhance reendothelialization and attenuate neointimal formation in a rat vein arterialization model. In conclusion, we provide evidence that upregulation of miR-126-3p by agomir possesses potential clinical value in the prevention and treatment of autologous vein graft restenosis in CABG.
| S-EPMC5739774 | BioStudies
Project description:The patient was a 67-year-old man who had undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery using a saphenous vein graft (SVG) 22 years before. Computed tomography angiogram revealed a large aneurysm of the SVG (38 × 42 mm in diameter; 80-mm long) and total occlusion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD). We first performed percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion of the native LAD with bi-directional approach via the SVG. One month later, we performed the trans-catheter embolization of the SVG and occluded the SVG using multiple coils. This case demonstrates that trans-catheter embolization after recanalization of native coronary artery is an effective strategy to treat an SVG aneurysm. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
| S-EPMC4736683 | BioStudies
Project description:<h4>Objective</h4>The patency and quality of transplanted great saphenous vein (GSV) can seriously influence the physical state and life quality of patients who accepted the coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Quercetin is known for antioxidant, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties. In this study, we examined the protection of quercetin to the great saphenous vein from oxidative and inflammatory damage.<h4>Methods</h4>The GSVs were collected from 15 patients undergoing CABG and cultured. Treated the veins by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and detected the NO, SOD, and MDA content by the relevant kits to explore the quercetin protection against oxidative damage. Then, for another group of GSVs, sheared them and detected the inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF<i>α</i>, CCL20, PCNA, and VEGF. Collect the veins for H&E staining and PCNA and VEGF immunofluorescent staining.<h4>Results</h4>Pretreatment by quercetin reduced the production of NO and MDA induced by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and increased SOD activity. Quercetin also supressed the mRNA expressions of IL-6, TNF<i>α</i> after mechanical damage and had no influence on CCL20 and VEGF. Consistent with the lower expression of PCNA treated by quercetin, the vein intima was thinner.<h4>Conclusion</h4>These results demonstrated that quercetin protects GSVs by reducing the oxidative damage and inflammatory response and also suppresses the abnormal thickening of venous endothelium by inhibiting cell proliferation. It reminded that, to some extent, quercetin has the potential to release the great saphenous vein graft damage.
| S-EPMC8741364 | BioStudies
Project description:The rate of the remodeling of the arterialized saphenous vein conduit limits the outcomes of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), which may be influenced by endothelial dysfunction. We tested the hypothesis that high stretch (HS) induces human saphenous vein endothelial cell (hSVEC) dysfunction and examined candidate underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that in vitro HS reduces NO bioavailability, increases inflammatory adhesion molecule expression (E-selectin and VCAM1) and THP-1 cell adhesion. HS decreases F-actin in hSVECs, but not in human arterial endothelial cells, and is accompanied by G-actin and cofilin's nuclear shuttling and increased reactive oxidative species (ROS). Pre-treatment with the broad-acting antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) supported this observation and diminished stretch-induced actin remodeling and inflammatory adhesive molecule expression. Altogether, we provide evidence that increased oxidative stress and actin cytoskeleton remodeling play a role in HS-induced saphenous vein endothelial cell dysfunction, which may contribute to predisposing saphenous vein graft to failure.
| S-EPMC8242094 | BioStudies
Project description:Importance:The effect of ticagrelor with or without aspirin on saphenous vein graft patency in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is unknown. Objective:To compare the effect of ticagrelor + aspirin or ticagrelor alone vs aspirin alone on saphenous vein graft patency 1 year after CABG. Design, Setting, and Participants:Randomized, multicenter, open-label, clinical trial among 6 tertiary hospitals in China. Eligible patients were aged 18 to 80 years with indications for elective CABG. Patients requiring urgent revascularization, concomitant cardiac surgery, dual antiplatelet or vitamin K antagonist therapy post-CABG, and who were at risk of serious bleeding were excluded. From July 2014 until November 2015, 1256 patients were identified and 500 were enrolled. Follow-up was completed in January 2017. Interventions:Patients were randomized (1:1:1) to start ticagrelor (90 mg twice daily) + aspirin (100 mg once daily) (n = 168), ticagrelor (90 mg twice daily) (n = 166), or aspirin (100 mg once daily) (n = 166) within 24 hours post-CABG. Neither patients nor treating physicians were blinded to allocation. Main Outcomes and Measures:Primary outcome was saphenous vein graft patency 1 year after CABG (FitzGibbon grade A) adjudicated independently by a committee blinded to allocation. Saphenous vein graft patency was assessed by multislice computed tomographic angiography or coronary angiography. Results:Among 500 randomized patients (mean age, 63.6 years; women, 91 [18.2%]), 461 (92.2%) completed the trial. Saphenous vein graft patency rates 1 year post-CABG were 88.7% (432 of 487 vein grafts) with ticagrelor + aspirin; 82.8% (404 of 488 vein grafts) with ticagrelor alone; and 76.5% (371 of 485 vein grafts) with aspirin alone. The difference between ticagrelor + aspirin vs aspirin alone was statistically significant (12.2% [95% CI, 5.2% to 19.2%]; P < .001), whereas the difference between ticagrelor alone vs aspirin alone was not statistically significant (6.3% [95% CI, -1.1% to 13.7%]; P = .10). Five major bleeding episodes occurred during 1 year of follow-up (3 with ticagrelor + aspirin; 2 with ticagrelor alone). Conclusions and Relevance:Among patients undergoing elective CABG with saphenous vein grafting, ticagrelor + aspirin significantly increased graft patency after 1 year vs aspirin alone; there was no significant difference between ticagrelor alone and aspirin alone. Further research with more patients is needed to assess comparative bleeding risks. Trial Registration:clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02201771.
| S-EPMC5933396 | BioStudies
Project description:PURPOSE:To investigate the hemodynamics characteristics of the "no-touch" saphenous vein graft (SVG) conduits by nicardipine intraluminal administration in vivo experiment. METHODS:A total of 59 consecutive patients were enrolled and underwent a sequential SVG to three non-left anterior descending (LAD) targets with the average runoff ?2 mm, 30 with "no-touch" harvest technique (group A) and 29 with conventional preparation (group B). The patients were subject to nicardipine intraluminal injection during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedure. The intraoperative flow was measured with the ultrasonic transit time flow meter (TTFM), and the graft patency testified by multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) angiography, respectively. RESULTS:The baseline blood flow was higher in group A than that in group B (p <0.05). However, the increases in blood flow of SVG conduits in group A were lower than those in group B with 19.7 ± 5.9 vs. 35.4 ± 9.2 mL/min, 14.8 ± 5.6 vs. 23.1 ± 6.8 mL/min, 6.6 ± 2.1 vs. 11.2 ± 4.3 mL/min before the first, second, and third anastomose after nicardipine intraluminal administration, respectively (all p <0.01). CONCLUSIONS:No-touch SVGs were associated with higher baseline blood flow and less rises after nicardipine intraluminal administration during off-pump CABG procedure compared with conventional preparation. The no-touch SVGs seemed to be less spastic and well-tolerated on flow dilatation.
| S-EPMC7184034 | BioStudies
Project description:BACKGROUND:Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using saphenous vein grafts (SVG) is vitiated by poor long-term patency of the vein grafts. Pedicled SVG harvested with the "no-touch" (NT) technique have demonstrated improved patency and could confer better outcomes. We aim to compare long-term results after CABG where NT or conventional technique was used for vein graft harvesting in a hypothesis-generating registry-based study. METHODS:Two propensity score matched cohorts (1349 patients) undergoing CABG with veins harvested with NT (NTT) or conventional (CT) technique in Sweden over the period 2005-2015 were used to compare long-term outcomes. Mortality, postoperative incidence of coronary angiography and need for reintervention was recorded and multivariable hazard ratios adjusted for risk factors were calculated. RESULTS:The mean follow-up time (SD) was 6.8 (3.3) years for NTT and 6.6 (3.2) years for CT. The adjusted hazard ratios for death, first angiography and need for reintervention for NTT patients were (95% CI) 0.97 (0.80-1.19), 0.76 (0.63-0.93), 0.91 (0.78-1.05), and 0.91 (0.71-1.17), respectively. Failed grafts were found in 43.2% of NTT patients and 53.6% of CT patients at angiography. CONCLUSIONS:In this study NT grafting was associated with a lower risk for repeat angiography, however no difference could be observed for mortality and need for reintervention. The earlier reported improvements in patency of NT veins could possibly be reflected in an improved clinical outcome during the first 10?years after surgery.
| S-EPMC6258143 | BioStudies