PGE2-treated macrophages inhibit development of allergic lung inflammation in mice.
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6608083 | BioStudies | 2016-01-01
REPOSITORIES: biostudies
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Project description:Infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis results in persistent changes to the lung environment. Cytokine profiling reveals a sustained increase in both Th1 and Th2 transcripts. Cellular populations of macrophages display an alternative phenotype, with upregulation of YM1, Arg1, Mrc1 as well as Class II MHC. These alternatively activated alveolar macrophages (AAAMs) also increase drastically in number. Subsequent challenge with house dust mite (HDM) Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus shows a reduced allergic phenotype, with decreased fold changes in effector cell cytokines of both the Th1 and Th2 variety indicative of the new regulatory environment established in the lung by helminth infection. Histological examination of the lung environment reveals a significant decrease in eosinophila and reduced mucous production by bronchial epithelial cells. Experiment Overall Design: BALB/c mice were challenged with 500 infectious L3 stage Nippostrongylus brasiliensis larvae subcutaneously. Mice were allowed to resolve their infection, then were sensitized twice with 75 allergy units (AU) of HDM bound to 1mg of alum intraperitoneally. Two challenge doses of 50AU HDM in PBS were given intranasally one day apart, then lungs were harvested at 6, 24 and 72 hours post challenge. Mice were analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, real time RT-PCR and affymetrix gene array analysis using full genome chips.
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Project description:Human rhinovirus is a key viral trigger for asthma exacerbations. To date, murine studies investigating rhinovirus-induced exacerbation of allergic airways disease have employed systemic sensitisation/intranasal challenge with ovalbumin. In this study, we combined human-rhinovirus infection with a clinically relevant mouse model of aero-allergen exposure using house-dust-mite in an attempt to more accurately understand the links between human-rhinovirus infection and exacerbations of asthma. Adult BALB/c mice were intranasally exposed to low-dose house-dust-mite (or vehicle) daily for 10 days. On day 9, mice were inoculated with human-rhinovirus-1B (or UV-inactivated human-rhinovirus-1B). Forty-eight hours after inoculation, we assessed bronchoalveolar cellular inflammation, levels of relevant cytokines/serum antibodies, lung function and responsiveness/sensitivity to methacholine. House-dust-mite exposure did not result in a classical TH2-driven response, but was more representative of noneosinophilic asthma. However, there were significant effects of house-dust-mite exposure on most of the parameters measured including increased cellular inflammation (primarily macrophages and neutrophils), increased total IgE and house-dust-mite-specific IgG1 and increased responsiveness/sensitivity to methacholine. There were limited effects of human-rhinovirus-1B infection alone, and the combination of the two insults resulted in additive increases in neutrophil levels and lung parenchymal responses to methacholine (tissue elastance). We conclude that acute rhinovirus infection exacerbates house-dust-mite-induced lung disease in adult mice. The similarity of our results using the naturally occurring allergen house-dust-mite, to previous studies using ovalbumin, suggests that the exacerbation of allergic airways disease by rhinovirus infection could act via multiple or conserved mechanisms.
| S-EPMC3954893 | BioStudies
Project description:Allergic eosinophilic asthma is a chronic condition causing airway remodeling resulting in lung dysfunction. We observed that expression of sirtuin 2 (Sirt2), a histone deacetylase, regulates the recruitment of eosinophils after sensitization and challenge with a triple antigen: dust mite, ragweed, and Aspergillus fumigatus (DRA). Our data demonstrate that IL-4 regulates the expression of Sirt2 isoform 3/5. Pharmacological inhibition of Sirt2 by AGK2 resulted in diminished cellular recruitment, decreased CCL17/TARC, and reduced goblet cell hyperplasia. YM1 and Fizz1 expression was reduced in AGK2-treated, IL-4-stimulated lung macrophages in vitro as well as in lung macrophages from AGK2-DRA-challenged mice. Conversely, overexpression of Sirt2 resulted in increased cellular recruitment, CCL17 production, and goblet cell hyperplasia following DRA challenge. Sirt2 isoform 3/5 was upregulated in primary human alveolar macrophages following IL-4 and AGK2 treatment, which resulted in reduced CCL17 and markers of alternative activation. These gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies indicate that Sirt2 could be developed as a treatment for eosinophilic asthma.
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Project description:Summary: Blocking IL-33 signaling ameliorates inflammation, tissue remodeling and preserves lung function in a model of persistent and exacerbating airway disease. Background: Severe inflammatory airway diseases are associated with inflammation that fails to resolve, leading to structural changes and an overall environment primed for exacerbations. Objective: We sought to identify and inhibit pathways that perpetuate this heightened inflammatory state, as this could lead to therapies that allow for a more quiescent lung, less predisposed to symptoms and exacerbations. Methods: Using prolonged exposure to house dust mite (HDM) in mice, we developed a mouse model of persistent and exacerbating airway disease characterized by a mixed inflammatory phenotype. Results: We show that lung IL-33 drives inflammation and remodeling beyond the type 2 response classically associated with IL-33 signaling. IL-33 blockade with an IL-33 neutralizing antibody normalized established inflammation, and improved remodeling of both the lung epithelium and lung parenchyma. Specifically, IL-33 blockade normalized persisting and exacerbating inflammatory endpoints, including eosinophilic, neutrophilic and ST2+ CD4+ T cell infiltration. Importantly, we identified a key role for IL-33 in driving lung remodeling, as anti-IL-33 also reestablished the presence of ciliated cells over mucus producing cells and lowered myofibroblast numbers, even in the context of continuous allergen exposure, resulting in improved lung function. Conclusion: Overall, this study shows that elevated IL-33 drives a self-perpetuating amplification loop that retains the lung in a state of lasting inflammation and remodeled tissue, primed for exacerbations. Thus, IL-33 blockade may ameliorate symptoms and prevent exacerbations by quelling persistent inflammation and airway remodeling. Overall design: Using prolonged exposure to house dust mite (HDM) in mice, we developed a mouse model of persistent and exacerbating airway disease characterized by a mixed inflammatory phenotype. HDM4wk: mouse exposed to house dust mite (HDM) for 4 weeks with no antibody treatment. HDM15wk: mouse exposed to house dust mite (HDM) for 15 weeks with no antibody treatment. HDM15wk_Iso: mouse exposed to house dust mite (HDM) for 15 weeks with isotype control treatment. HDM15wk_antiIL33: mouse exposed to house dust mite (HDM) for 15 weeks with anti-IL-33 antibody treatment.
2019-09-13 | GSE137324 | GEO
Project description:Asthma is a common inflammatory disease involving cross-talk between innate and adaptive immunity. We reveal that antibacterial innate immunity protein, peptidoglycan recognition protein (Pglyrp)1, is involved in the development of allergic asthma. Pglyrp1(-/-) mice developed less severe asthma than wild-type (WT) mice following sensitization with house dust mite (allergen) (HDM). HDM-sensitized Pglyrp1(-/-) mice, compared with WT mice, had diminished bronchial hyperresponsiveness (lung airway resistance); numbers of eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lungs; inflammatory cell infiltrates in the lungs around bronchi, bronchioles, and pulmonary arteries and veins; lung remodeling (mucin-producing goblet cell hyperplasia and metaplasia and smooth muscle hypertrophy and fibrosis); levels of IgE, eotaxins, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-17 in the lungs; and numbers of Th2 and Th17 cells and expression of their marker genes in the lungs. The mechanism underlying this decreased sensitivity of Pglyrp1(-/-) mice to asthma was increased generation and activation of CD8?(+)?(+) and CD8?(+)?(-) plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and increased recruitment and activity of regulatory T (Treg) cells in the lungs. In vivo depletion of pDC in HDM-sensitized Pglyrp1(-/-) mice reversed the low responsive asthma phenotype of Pglyrp1(-/-) mice to resemble the more severe WT phenotype. Thus, Pglyrp1(-/-) mice efficiently control allergic asthma by upregulating pDC and Treg cells in the lungs, whereas in WT mice, Pglyrp1 is proinflammatory and decreases pDC and Treg cells and increases proasthmatic Th2 and Th17 responses. Blocking Pglyrp1 or enhancing pDC in the lungs may be beneficial for prevention and treatment of asthma.
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Project description:Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), a severe eosinophilic inflammatory disorder of the airways, involves overproduction of cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs), activation of airway mast cells (MCs), and bronchoconstriction in response to nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitors that deplete homeostatic PGE2. The mechanistic basis for MC activation in this disorder is unknown. We now demonstrate that patients with AERD have markedly increased epithelial expression of the alarmin-like cytokine IL-33 in nasal polyps, as compared with polyps from aspirin-tolerant control subjects. The murine model of AERD, generated by dust mite priming of mice lacking microsomal PGE2 synthase (ptges(-/-) mice), shows a similar upregulation of IL-33 protein in the airway epithelium, along with marked eosinophilic bronchovascular inflammation. Deletion of leukotriene C4 synthase, the terminal enzyme needed to generate cysLTs, eliminates the increased IL-33 content of the ptges(-/-) lungs and sharply reduces pulmonary eosinophilia and basal secretion of MC products. Challenges of dust mite-primed ptges(-/-) mice with lysine aspirin induce IL-33-dependent MC activation and bronchoconstriction. Thus, IL-33 is a component of a cysLT-driven innate type 2 immune response that drives pathogenic MC activation and contributes substantially to AERD pathogenesis.
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Project description:Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a proinflammatory cytokine that signals through the Type I IL-1 receptor (IL-1RI). Novel IL-1-like cytokines were recently identified. Their functions in lung disease remain unclear. Interleukin-1 family member-9 (IL-1F9) is one such IL-1-like cytokine, expressed in the lungs of humans and mice. IL-1F9 signals through IL-1 receptor-related protein 2 (IL-1Rrp2/IL-1RL2), which is distinct from IL-1RI. We sought to determine if IL-1F9 acts as a proinflammatory cytokine in lung disease. IL-1F9 protein was increased in lung homogenates of house dust mite-challenged A/J mice compared with controls, and expression was seen in airway epithelial cells. The intratracheal administration of recombinant mouse IL-1F9 increased airway hyperresponsiveness and induced neutrophil influx and mucus production, but not eosinophilic infiltration in the lungs of mice. In addition, IL-1? protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, chemokines, and chemokine-receptor mRNA expression in the lungs were increased after the instillation of intratracheal IL-1F9. Consistent with these changes, NF-?B transcription factor activity was increased in the lungs of mice challenged with IL-1F9 and in a macrophage cell line treated with IL-1F9. These data suggest that IL-1F9 is upregulated during inflammation, and acts as a proinflammatory cytokine in the lungs.
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Project description:BACKGROUND:Distinct receptors likely exist for leukotriene (LT)E(4), a potent mediator of airway inflammation. Purinergic receptor P2Y12 is needed for LTE(4)-induced airways inflammation, and P2Y12 antagonism attenuates house dust mite-induced pulmonary eosinophilia in mice. Although experimental data support a role for P2Y12 in airway inflammation, its role in human asthma has never been studied. OBJECTIVE:To test for association between variants in the P2Y12 gene (P2RY12) and lung function in human subjects with asthma, and to examine for gene-by-environment interaction with house dust mite exposure. METHODS:Nineteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in P2RY12 were genotyped in 422 children with asthma and their parents (n = 1266). Using family based methods, we tested for associations between these SNPs and five lung function measures. We performed haplotype association analyses and tested for gene-by-environment interactions using house dust mite exposure. We used the false discovery rate to account for multiple comparisons. RESULTS:Five SNPs in P2RY12 were associated with multiple lung function measures (P-values 0.006–0.025). Haplotypes in P2RY12 were also associated with lung function (P-values 0.0055–0.046). House dust mite exposure modulated associations between P2RY12 and lung function, with minor allele homozygotes exposed to house dust mite demonstrating worse lung function than those unexposed (significant interaction P-values 0.0028–0.040). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE:The P2RY12 variants were associated with lung function in a large family-based asthma cohort. House dust mite exposure caused significant gene-by-environment effects. Our findings add the first human evidence to experimental data supporting a role for P2Y12 in lung function. P2Y12 could represent a novel target for asthma treatment.
| S-EPMC3353543 | BioStudies
Project description:Alveolar macrophages are sentinels of the pulmonary mucosa and central to maintaining immunological homeostasis. However, their role in governing the response to allergen is not fully understood. Inappropriate responses to the inhaled environment manifest as asthma.We utilized a mechanistic IL-13-driven model and a house dust mite allergen mucosal sensitization model of allergic airway disease to investigate the role of alveolar macrophages in regulating pulmonary inflammation.IL-13-dependent eosinophilic and Th2 inflammation was enhanced in mice depleted of alveolar macrophages using clodronate liposomes. Similarly, depletion of alveolar macrophages during house dust mite sensitization or established disease resulted in augmented Th2 immunity and increased allergen-specific IgG1 and IgE. Clodronate treatment also delayed the resolution of tissue inflammation following cessation of allergen challenge. Strikingly, tissue interstitial macrophages were elevated in alveolar macrophage-deficient mice identifying a new homeostatic relationship between different macrophage subtypes. A novel role for the macrophage-derived immunoregulatory cytokine IL-27 was identified in modulating Th2 inflammation following mucosal allergen exposure.In summary, alveolar macrophages are critical regulators of Th2 immunity and their dysregulation promotes an inflammatory environment with exacerbation of allergen-induced airway pathology. Manipulating IL-27 may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of asthma.
2015-01-01 | S-EPMC4283732 | BioStudies
Project description:Levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, are increased in lung, sputum, exhaled breath condensate and plasma samples from asthma patients. ADMA is metabolized primarily by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) and DDAH2. We determined the effect of DDAH1 overexpression on development of allergic inflammation in mouse models of asthma. Wild type and DDAH1-transgenic mice were challenged with PBS or house dust mite (HDM). Airway inflammation was assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) total and differential cell counts. Gene expression in lungs was determined by RNA-Seq and RT-quantitative PCR (qPCR). The expression of DDAH1 and DDAH2 was decreased in the lungs of mice following HDM exposure. Transgenic overexpression of DDAH1 resulted in decreased BAL total cell and eosinophil numbers following HDM exposure. Total IgE levels in serum and BAL fluid were decreased in HDM-exposed DDAH1-transgenic mice compared to HDM-exposed wild type mice. RNA-Seq results showed downregulation of genes in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) signaling pathway in PBS-treated DDAH1 transgenic mice versus PBS-treated wild type mice and downregulation of genes in IL-13/FOXA2 signaling pathway in HDM-treated DDAH1 transgenic mice versus HDM-treated wild type mice. Our findings suggest that decreased expression of DDAH1 in airway epithelial cells may contribute to allergic asthma and overexpression of DDAH1 attenuates allergen-induced airway inflammation through modulation of Th2 responses. mRNA profiles of WT and DDAH1-transgenic mice treated with PBS or house dust mite (HDM).
| E-GEOD-49047 | BioStudies