The nuclear receptor REV-ERB? modulates Th17 cell-mediated autoimmune disease.
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PROVIDER: S-EPMC6744854 | BioStudies |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies
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Project description:ROR?t is well recognized as the lineage-defining transcription factor for T helper 17 (TH17) cell development. However, the cell-intrinsic mechanisms that negatively regulate TH17 cell development and autoimmunity remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the transcriptional repressor REV-ERB? is exclusively expressed in TH17 cells, competes with ROR?t for their shared DNA consensus sequence, and negatively regulates TH17 cell development via repression of genes traditionally characterized as ROR?t dependent, including Il17a. Deletion of REV-ERB? enhanced TH17-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, exacerbating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and colitis. Treatment with REV-ERB-specific synthetic ligands, which have similar phenotypic properties as ROR? modulators, suppressed TH17 cell development, was effective in colitis intervention studies, and significantly decreased the onset, severity, and relapse rate in several models of EAE without affecting thymic cellularity. Our results establish that REV-ERB? negatively regulates pro-inflammatory TH17 responses in vivo and identifies the REV-ERBs as potential targets for the treatment of TH17-mediated autoimmune diseases.
| S-EPMC6400287 | BioStudies
Project description:T helper 17 (Th17) cells produce interleukin-17 (IL-17) cytokines and drive inflammatory responses in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. The differentiation of Th17 cells is dependent on the retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor RORgt. Here we identify REV-ERBa (encoded by Nr1d1), a member of the nuclear hormone receptor family (NHR), as a transcriptional repressor that antagonizes RORgt function in Th17 cells. REV-ERBa binds to ROR response elements (RORE) in Th17 cells and inhibits the expression of RORgt-dependent genes such as Il17a and Il17f. Furthermore, elevated REV-ERBa expression or treatment with a synthetic REV-ERB agonist significantly delays the onset and impedes the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a Th17 cell-mediated autoimmune disease. These results suggest that modulating REV-ERB activity may hold therapeutic potential for treatment of Th17 cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
2019-08-16 | GSE72271 | GEO
Project description:The nuclear receptors REV-ERB (consisting of REV-ERB? and REV-ERB?) and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors (RORs; consisting of ROR?, ROR? and ROR?) are involved in many physiological processes, including regulation of metabolism, development and immunity as well as the circadian rhythm. The recent characterization of endogenous ligands for these former orphan nuclear receptors has stimulated the development of synthetic ligands and opened up the possibility of targeting these receptors to treat several diseases, including diabetes, atherosclerosis, autoimmunity and cancer. This Review focuses on the latest developments in ROR and REV-ERB pharmacology indicating that these nuclear receptors are druggable targets and that ligands targeting these receptors may be useful in the treatment of several disorders.
| S-EPMC4865262 | BioStudies
Project description:Circadian and metabolic physiology are intricately intertwined, as illustrated by Rev-erb?, a transcription factor (TF) that functions both as a core repressive component of the cell-autonomous clock and as a regulator of metabolic genes. Here, we show that Rev-erb? modulates the clock and metabolism by different genomic mechanisms. Clock control requires Rev-erb? to bind directly to the genome at its cognate sites, where it competes with activating ROR TFs. By contrast, Rev-erb? regulates metabolic genes primarily by recruiting the HDAC3 co-repressor to sites to which it is tethered by cell type-specific transcription factors. Thus, direct competition between Rev-erb? and ROR TFs provides a universal mechanism for self-sustained control of the molecular clock across all tissues, whereas Rev-erb? uses lineage-determining factors to convey a tissue-specific epigenomic rhythm that regulates metabolism tailored to the specific need of that tissue.
| S-EPMC4613749 | BioStudies
Project description:In this study, we demonstrate that the lack of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor (ROR) ? or ? expression in mice significantly reduced the peak expression level of Cry1, Bmal1, E4bp4, Rev-Erb? and Per2 in an ROR isotype- and tissue-selective manner without affecting the phase of their rhythmic expression. Analysis of ROR?/ROR? double knockout mice indicated that in certain tissues ROR? and ROR? exhibited a certain degree of redundancy in regulating clock gene expression. Reporter gene analysis showed that ROR? was able to induce reporter gene activity through the RORE-containing regulatory regions of Cry1, Bmal1, Rev-Erb? and E4bp4. Co-expression of Rev-Erb? or addition of a novel ROR antagonist repressed this activation. ChIP-Seq and ChIP-Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) analysis demonstrated that in vivo ROR? regulate these genes directly and in a Zeitgeber time (ZT)-dependent manner through these ROREs. This transcriptional activation by RORs was associated with changes in histone acetylation and chromatin accessibility. The rhythmic expression of ROR?1 by clock proteins may lead to the rhythmic expression of ROR?1 target genes. The presence of ROR? binding sites and its down-regulation in ROR?-/- liver suggest that the rhythmic expression of Avpr1a depends on ROR? consistent with the concept that ROR?1 provides a link between the clock machinery and its regulation of metabolic genes.
| S-EPMC3458568 | BioStudies
Project description:Circadian clocks regulate numerous physiological processes that vary across the day-night (diurnal) cycle, but if and how the circadian clock regulates the adaptive immune system is mostly unclear. Interleukin-17-producing CD4(+) T helper (T(H)17) cells are proinflammatory immune cells that protect against bacterial and fungal infections at mucosal surfaces. Their lineage specification is regulated by the orphan nuclear receptor ROR?t. We show that the transcription factor NFIL3 suppresses T(H)17 cell development by directly binding and repressing the Ror?t promoter. NFIL3 links T(H)17 cell development to the circadian clock network through the transcription factor REV-ERB?. Accordingly, TH17 lineage specification varies diurnally and is altered in Rev-erb?(-/-) mice. Light-cycle disruption elevated intestinal T(H)17 cell frequencies and increased susceptibility to inflammatory disease. Thus, lineage specification of a key immune cell is under direct circadian control.
| S-EPMC4165400 | BioStudies
Project description:T cell functional differentiation is mediated by lineage-specific transcription factors. T helper 17 (Th17) has been recently identified as a distinct Th lineage mediating tissue inflammation. Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma (ROR gamma) was shown to regulate Th17 differentiation; ROR gamma deficiency, however, did not completely abolish Th17 cytokine expression. Here, we report Th17 cells highly expressed another related nuclear receptor, ROR alpha, induced by transforming growth factor-beta and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which is dependent on signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Overexpression of ROR alpha promoted Th17 differentiation, possibly through the conserved noncoding sequence 2 in Il17-Il17f locus. ROR alpha deficiency resulted in reduced IL-17 expression in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, ROR alpha and ROR gamma coexpression synergistically led to greater Th17 differentiation. Double deficiencies in ROR alpha and ROR gamma globally impaired Th17 generation and completely protected mice against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Therefore, Th17 differentiation is directed by two lineage-specific nuclear receptors, ROR alpha and ROR gamma.
| S-EPMC2587175 | BioStudies
Project description:T helper 17 (Th17) cells specifically transcribe the Il17 and Il17f genes, which are localized in the same chromosome region, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we report a cis element that we previously named conserved noncoding sequence 2 (CNS2) physically interacted with both Il17 and Il17f gene promoters and was sufficient for regulating their selective transcription in Th17 cells. Targeted deletion of CNS2 resulted in impaired retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gammat (ROR?t)-driven IL-17 expression in vitro. CNS2-deficient T cells also produced substantially decreased amounts of IL-17F. These cytokine defects were associated with defective chromatin remodeling in the Il17-Il17f gene locus, possibly because of effects on CNS2-mediated recruitment of histone-modifying enzymes p300 and JmjC domain-containing protein 3 (JMJD3). CNS2-deficient animals were also shown to be resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Our results thus suggest that CNS2 is sufficient and necessary for Il17 and optimal Il17f gene transcription in Th17 cells.
| S-EPMC3270375 | BioStudies
Project description:Many gut functions are attuned to circadian rhythm. Intestinal group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) include NKp46+ and NKp46- subsets, which are ROR?t dependent and provide mucosal defense through secretion of interleukin-22 (IL-22) and IL-17. Because ILC3s highly express some key circadian clock genes, we investigated whether ILC3s are also attuned to circadian rhythm. We noted circadian oscillations in the expression of clock and cytokine genes, such as REV-ERB?, IL-22, and IL-17, whereas acute disruption of the circadian rhythm affected cytokine secretion by ILC3s. Because of prominent and rhythmic expression of REV-ERB? in ILC3s, we also investigated the impact of constitutive deletion of REV-ERB?, which has been previously shown to inhibit the expression of a ROR?t repressor, NFIL3, while also directly antagonizing DNA binding of ROR?t. Development of the NKp46+ ILC3 subset was markedly impaired, with reduced cell numbers, ROR?t expression, and IL-22 production in REV-ERB?-deficient mice. The NKp46- ILC3 subsets developed normally, potentially due to compensatory expression of other clock genes, but IL-17 secretion paradoxically increased, probably because ROR?t was not antagonized by REV-ERB?. We conclude that ILC3s are attuned to circadian rhythm, but clock regulator REV-ERB? also has circadian-independent impacts on ILC3 development and functions due to its roles in the regulation of ROR?t.
| S-EPMC6911370 | BioStudies
Project description:OBJECTIVE:The loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength are a central feature of traumatic injury and degenerative myopathies. Unfortunately, pharmacological interventions typically fail to stem the long-term decline in quality of life. Reduced Rev-Erb-mediated gene suppression in cultured C2C12 myoblasts has been shown to stimulate myoblast differentiation. Yet the mechanisms that allow Rev-Erb to pleiotropically inhibit muscle differentiation are not well understood. In this study, we sought to elucidate the role of Rev-Erb in the regulation of muscle differentiation and regeneration in vivo. METHODS:Using Rev-Erb?/? shRNAs, pharmacological ligands, and Rev-Erb? null and heterozygous mice, we probed the mechanism of Rev-Erb?/? regulation of muscle differentiation and muscle regeneration. RESULTS:ChIP seq analysis of Rev-Erb in differentiating myoblasts showed that Rev-Erb? did not transcriptionally regulate muscle differentiation through cognate Rev-Erb/ROR-response elements but through possible interaction with the cell fate regulator NF-Y at CCAAT-motifs. Muscle differentiation is stimulated by Rev-Erb release from CCAAT-motifs at promoter and enhancer elements of a number of myogenesis proteins. Partial loss of Rev-Erb expression in mice heterozygous for Rev-Erb? accelerated muscle repair in vivo whereas Rev-Erb knockout mice showed deficiencies in regenerative repair compared to wild type mice. These phenotypic differences between heterozygous and knockout mice were not apparently dependent on MRF induction in response to injury. Similarly, pharmacological disruption of Rev-Erb suppressive activity in injured muscle accelerated regenerative repair in response to acute injury. CONCLUSIONS:Disrupting Rev-Erb activity in injured muscle accelerates regenerative muscle repair/differentiation through transcriptional de-repression of myogenic programs. Rev-Erb, therefore, may be a potent therapeutic target for a myriad of muscular disorders.
| S-EPMC5485243 | BioStudies