High efavirenz levels but not neurofilament light plasma levels are associated with poor neurocognitive functioning in asymptomatic HIV patients.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Hakkers CS
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7438296 | BioStudies | 2020-01-01
REPOSITORIES: biostudies
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Project description:People with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk of developing Alzheimer disease (AD) with aging. The diagnosis and treatment trials are hampered by a lack of reliable blood biomarkers. Plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) is one of the established biomarkers of AD, suggesting that it may be useful as an indicator of dementia in DS patients. The aims of this study were: 1) to examine whether plasma levels of NfL in DS patients are correlated with decreased adaptive behavior scores one year after sample collection, and 2) to compare plasma levels of NfL in adults with DS and an age-matched healthy control population. In this study, plasma levels of NfL in 24 patients with DS and 24 control participants were measured by the single-molecule immunoarray (Simoa) method. We observed significantly increased plasma NfL levels in the DS compared with the control group. There was a significant correlation between age and levels of plasma NfL in both groups. This age-dependent elevation was steeper in the DS compared with the control group. Moreover, elevated plasma NfL was associated with decreased adaptive behavior scores one year later, after age-adjustment. Previously reported blood-based biomarkers available in Simoa for DS, plasma total tau and phosphorylated tau, were not significantly correlated with the annual decrement of adaptive behavior scores after age-adjustment. These results suggest that plasma NfL has the potential to serve as an objective biomarker to predict dementia in adult DS patients.
2019-01-01 | S-EPMC6450630 | BioStudies
Project description:Blood-based biomarkers for neurodegenerative conditions could improve diagnosis and treatment development. Neurofilament light chain (NfL), a marker of axonal injury, is elevated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). The goal of this study was to determine the diagnostic and prognostic value of plasma NfL in patients with PSP.Plasma NfL was measured with ultrasensitive digital immunoassay-based technology at baseline and 1-year follow-up in a pilot cohort of 15 PSP patients and 12 healthy controls, and a validation cohort of 147 PSP patients. Mixed linear models tested the ability of plasma NfL to predict neurological, cognitive and functional decline, and brain atrophy.Baseline mean plasma NfL levels were elevated in PSP patients (31 ± 4 pg/mL, vs. control, 17.5 ± 1 pg/mL, P < 0.05) and this difference persisted at follow-up. A cutoff value of 20 pg/mL related to the diagnosis of PSP with a sensitivity of 0.80 and specificity of 0.83 (positive likelihood ratio = 4.7 and a negative likelihood radio of 0.24). Patients with higher NfL levels had more severe neurological (PSPRS, -36.9% vs. -28.9%, P = 0.04), functional (SEADL, -38.2% vs. -20%, P = 0.03), and neuropsychological (RBANS, -23.9% vs. -12.3%, P = 001) deterioration over 1 year. Higher baseline NfL predicted greater whole-brain and superior cerebellar peduncle volume loss. Plasma and CSF NfL were significantly correlated (r = 0.74, P = 0.002).Plasma NfL is elevated in PSP and could be of value as a biomarker both to assist clinical diagnosis and to monitor pharmacodynamic effects on the neurodegenerative process in clinical trials.
2016-01-01 | S-EPMC4774256 | BioStudies
Project description:BACKGROUND:Plasma neurofilament light (NFL) and total Tau (t-Tau) proteins are candidate biomarkers for early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The impact of biological factors on their plasma concentrations in individuals with subjective memory complaints (SMC) has been poorly explored. We longitudinally investigate the effect of sex, age, APOE ?4 allele, comorbidities, brain amyloid-? (A?) burden, and cognitive scores on plasma NFL and t-Tau concentrations in cognitively healthy individuals with SMC, a condition associated with AD development. METHODS:Three hundred sixteen and 79 individuals, respectively, have baseline and three-time point assessments (at baseline, 1-year, and 3-year follow-up) of the two biomarkers. Plasma biomarkers were measured with an ultrasensitive assay in a mono-center cohort (INSIGHT-preAD study). RESULTS:We show an effect of age on plasma NFL, with women having a higher increase of plasma t-Tau concentrations compared to men, over time. The APOE ?4 allele does not affect the biomarker concentrations while plasma vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with higher plasma t-Tau concentrations. Both biomarkers are correlated and increase over time. Baseline NFL is related to the rate of A? deposition at 2-year follow-up in the left-posterior cingulate and the inferior parietal gyri. Baseline plasma NFL and the rate of change of plasma t-Tau are inversely associated with cognitive score. CONCLUSION:We find that plasma NFL and t-Tau longitudinal trajectories are affected by age and female sex, respectively, in SMC individuals. Exploring the influence of biological variables on AD biomarkers is crucial for their clinical validation in blood.
2020-01-01 | S-EPMC7663867 | BioStudies
Project description:Abstract Introduction Several blood?based biomarkers are associated with neuronal injury, but their utility in interventional clinical trials is unclear. This study retrospectively evaluated the utility of plasma neurofilament light (NfL) and total tau (t?tau) in an 18?month trial in mild Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods Correlation and conditional independence analyses and Gaussian graphical models were used to investigate cross?sectional and longitudinal relations between NfL, t?tau, and clinical scales. Results NfL had a stronger association than t?tau with clinical scales; t?tau did not hold additional information to that given by NfL (P > 0.05 at all time points). NfL held independent information about shorter?term (3? to 6?month) progression beyond patient age and clinical scores. However, no meaningful gain in power was found when adjusting a longitudinal analysis of cognitive scores for baseline NfL. Discussion Plasma NfL is superior to t?tau in mild AD. The ability of NfL to detect changes before clinical manifestations makes it a promising biomarker of drug response in trials of disease?modifying drugs.
2020-01-01 | S-EPMC7507310 | BioStudies
Project description:OBJECTIVES:In a prospective phase IV trial of the first-line oral treatment dimethyl fumarate (DMF), we examined dynamics of neurofilament light (NFL) chain in serum, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected over 12 months from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients. NFL changes were related to disease activity. METHODS:We examined NFL levels by single-molecule array in 88 CSF, 348 plasma and 131 sera from treatment-naïve RRMS patients (n=52), healthy controls (n=23) and a placebo group matched by age, sex and NFL (n=52). Plasma/sera were collected at baseline, and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after DMF. CSF samples were collected at baseline and 12 months after DMF. RESULTS:NFL concentration in CSF, plasma and serum correlated highly (p<0.0001 for all), but plasma levels were only 76.9% of paired serum concentration. After 12?months of DMF treatment, NFL concentration decreased by 73%, 69% and 55% in the CSF, serum and plasma (p<0.0001, respectively). Significant reduction in blood was observed after 6 and 12?months treatment compared with baseline (p<0.01?and p<0.0001, respectively) and to placebo (p<0.0001). Patients with NFL above the 807.5?pg/mL cut-off in CSF had 5.0-times relative risk of disease activity (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS:This study provides Class II evidence that first-line DMF reduces NFL in both blood and CSF after 6 months and normalises CSF levels in 73% of patients. High NFL concentration in CSF after a year reflected disease activity. NFL levels were higher in serum than in plasma, which should be considered when NFL is used as a biomarker.
2019-01-01 | S-EPMC6902070 | BioStudies
Project description:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is pathologically characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-? (A?) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and widespread neuronal loss in the brain. In recent years, blood biomarkers have emerged as a realistic prospect to highlight accumulating pathology for secondary prevention trials. Neurofilament light chain (NfL), a marker of axonal degeneration, is robustly elevated in the blood of many neurological and neurodegenerative conditions, including AD. A strong relationship with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NfL suggests that these biomarker modalities reflect the same pathological process. Yet, the connection between blood NfL and brain tissue pathology has not been directly compared. In this study, longitudinal plasma NfL from cognitively healthy controls (n?=?12) and AD participants (n?=?57) were quantified by the Simoa platform. On reaching post-mortem, neuropathological assessment was performed on all participants, with additional frozen and paraffin-embedded tissue acquired from 26 participants for further biochemical (A?1-42, A?1-40, tau) and histological (NfL) evaluation. Plasma NfL concentrations were significantly increased in AD and correlated with cognitive decline, independent of age. Retrospective stratification based on Braak staging revealed that baseline plasma NfL concentrations were associated with higher neurofibrillary tangle pathology at post-mortem. Longitudinal increases in plasma NfL were observed in all Braak groupings; a significant negative association, however, was found between plasma NfL at time point 1 and both its rate of change and annual percentage increase. Immunohistochemical evaluation of NfL in the medial temporal gyrus (MTG) demonstrated an inverse relationship between Braak stages and NfL staining. Importantly, a significant negative correlation was found between the plasma NfL measurement closest to death and the level of NfL staining in the MTG at post-mortem. For the first time, we demonstrate that plasma NfL associates with the severity of neurofibrillary tangle pathology and neurodegeneration in the post-mortem brain.
2019-01-01 | S-EPMC6327431 | BioStudies
Project description:Importance:Plasma neurofilament light (NfL) has been suggested as a noninvasive biomarker to monitor neurodegeneration in Alzheimer disease (AD), but studies are lacking. Objective:To examine whether longitudinal plasma NfL levels are associated with other hallmarks of AD. Design, Setting, and Participants:This North American cohort study used data from 1583 individuals in the multicenter Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study from September 7, 2005, through June 16, 2016. Patients were eligible for inclusion if they had NfL measurements. Annual plasma NfL samples were collected for up to 11 years and were analyzed in 2018. Exposures:Clinical diagnosis, A? and tau cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, imaging measures (magnetic resonance imaging and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography), and tests on cognitive scores. Main Outcomes and Measures:The primary outcome was the association between baseline exposures (diagnosis, CSF biomarkers, imaging measures, and cognition) and longitudinal plasma NfL levels, analyzed by an ultrasensitive assay. The secondary outcomes were the associations between a multimodal classification scheme with A?, tau, and neurodegeneration (ie, the ATN system) and plasma NfL levels and between longitudinal changes in plasma NfL levels and changes in the other measures. Results:Of the included 1583 participants, 716 (45.2%) were women, and the mean (SD) age was 72.9 (7.1) years; 401 had no cognitive impairment, 855 had mild cognitive impairment, and 327 had AD dementia. The NfL level was increased at baseline in patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD dementia (mean levels: cognitive unimpairment, 32.1 ng/L; mild cognitive impairment, 37.9 ng/L; and AD dementia, 45.9 ng/L; P?<?.001) and increased in all diagnostic groups, with the greatest increase in patients with AD dementia. A longitudinal increase in NfL level correlated with baseline CSF biomarkers (low A?42 [P?=?.001], high total tau [P?=?.02], and high phosphorylated tau levels [P?=?.02]), magnetic resonance imaging measures (small hippocampal volumes [P?<?.001], thin regional cortices [P?=?.009], and large ventricular volumes [P?=?.002]), low fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography uptake (P?=?.01), and poor cognitive performance (P?<?.001) for a global cognitive score. With use of the ATN system, increased baseline NfL levels were seen in A-T+N+ (P?<?.001), A+T-N+ (P?<?.001), and A+T+N+ (P?<?.001), and increased rates of NfL levels were seen in A-T+N- (P?=?.009), A-T+N+ (P?=?.02), A+T-N+ (P?=?.04), and A+T+N+ (P?=?.002). Faster increase in NfL levels correlated with faster increase in CSF biomarkers of neuronal injury, faster rates of atrophy and hypometabolism, and faster worsening in global cognition (all P?<?.05 in patients with mild cognitive impairment; associations differed slightly in cognitively unimpaired controls and patients with AD dementia). Conclusions and Relevance:The findings suggest that plasma NfL can be used as a noninvasive biomarker associated with neurodegeneration in patients with AD and may be useful to monitor effects in trials of disease-modifying drugs.
2019-01-01 | S-EPMC6583067 | BioStudies
Project description:Introduction:We investigated neurofilament light (NFL) accumulation in normal aging as well as in preclinical and clinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) and assessed individual differences in NFL load in relation to cognition and brain white-matter integrity. Methods:We analyzed longitudinal data covering 30 years (1988-2017). Cognitive testing was done up to six times. Plasma NFL was quantified for controls and 142 cases who developed AD over time, and longitudinal changes in NFL were quantified for 100 individuals with three brain-imaging sessions. Results:Longitudinal analyses revealed age-related NFL increases with marked variability. AD cases had elevated NFL levels, while no significant group differences were seen in the preclinical phase. Variability in NFL levels showed non-significant correlations with cognition but was associated with brain white matter. Discussion:Our findings suggest that elevated blood NFL, likely reflecting brain white-matter alterations, characterizes clinical AD, while NFL levels do not predict age-related cognitive impairment or impending AD.
2020-01-01 | S-EPMC7311800 | BioStudies
Project description:INTRODUCTION:We investigated plasma proteomic markers of astrocytopathy, brain degeneration, plasticity, and inflammation in sporadic early-onset versus late-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD and LOAD). METHODS:Plasma was analyzed using ultra-sensitive immuno-based assays from 33 EOAD, 30 LOAD, and 36 functionally normal older adults. RESULTS:Principle component analyses identified 3 factors: trophic (BDNF, VEGF, TGF?), degenerative (GFAP, NfL), and inflammatory (TNF?, IL-6, IP-10, IL-10). Trophic factor was elevated in both AD groups and associated with cognition and gray matter volumes. Degenerative factor was elevated in EOAD, with higher levels associated with worse functioning in this group. Biomarkers of inflammation were not significantly different between groups and were only associated with age. DISUCSSION:Plasma proteomic biomarkers provide novel means of investigating molecular processes in vivo and their contributions to clinical outcomes. We present initial investigations of several of these fluid biomarkers, capturing aspects of astrocytopathy, neuronal injury, cellular plasticity, and inflammation in EOAD versus LOAD.
2020-01-01 | S-EPMC7138729 | BioStudies
Project description:BACKGROUND:Cognition is closely associated with physical function. Although high brain amyloid-? (A?) deposition and neurofilament light chain (NfL) are associated with cognitive and gait speed decline, relationships of combined plasma A? and NfL profiles with cognitive and physical functions in older adults remain unknown. The research aim of this study was to investigate the prospective associations of combined plasma A? and NfL profiles with cognitive and physical functions in older adults. METHODS:Participants (n?=?452, aged 76?±?5?years) who had both plasma A? and NfL data collected from the Multidomain Alzheimer's Preventive Trial (MAPT, May 2008 to April 2016) were included in the current study. These participants were from four MAPT groups (multidomain interventions [physical activity and nutritional counselling, and cognitive training], omega-3 supplementation, multidomain plus omega-3 supplementation and control group) and had received a 3-year intervention, followed by a 2-year observational follow-up. Cognitive function was evaluated as Mini-Mental State Examination and composite cognitive score (CCS, a mean Z-score combining four cognitive tests). Physical function was evaluated as gait speed (4-m usual-pace walk test) and chair-stand time (5-time maximal chair-stand test). Cognitive and physical function data measured at the time of and after blood A? and NfL tests were used for analysis. Participants with plasma A?42/A?40 ratios lower than 0.107 and NfL levels greater than 93.04?pg/ml were classified as A?+ and NfL+. Multivariable regressions and mixed-effects linear models were used for the analysis. RESULTS:At the cross-sectional level, no significant association was found between A?+NfL+ and cognitive or physical function after controlling for age, sex, body mass index, education level and MAPT group. Evaluating longitudinal changes, participants with A?+NfL+ had greater annual declines in the CCS (??=?-?0.11, 95%CI [-?0.17, -?0.05]) and gait speed (??=?-?0.03, 95%CI [-?0.05, -?0.005]). After adjusting for APOE ?4 genotype, A?+NfL+ was associated with a greater decline only in the CCS (??=?-?0.09, 95%CI [-?0.15, -?0.02]). CONCLUSIONS:Combined low plasma A?42/A?40 ratio and high plasma NfL level was associated with greater declines in cognition and gait speed over time, providing further evidence of the links between cognitive and physical function. TRIAL REGISTRATION:www.clinicaltrials.gov [ NCT00672685 ].
2020-01-01 | S-EPMC7545881 | BioStudies